{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:57:24Z","timestamp":1778673444297,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research and Wellcome","award":["219468\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219468\/Z\/19\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Patient Rep Outcomes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forcibly displaced populations are highly vulnerable to psychosocial distress and mental disorders, including alcohol misuse. In an ongoing trial that seeks to develop a transdiagnostic intervention addressing psychological distress and alcohol use disorders among conflict-affected populations, we will carry out a cost-effectiveness evaluation using a capability-based Oxford Capabilities Mental Health (OxCAP-MH) measure. The OxCAP-MH is a 16-item questionnaire developed from the Capability Approach, that covers multiple domains of functioning and welfare. The aim of the current paper is to present the results of the translation, cultural adaptation and valuation of the OxCAP-MH into Juba Arabic for South Sudanese refugees living in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>We adhered to the official Translation and Linguistic Validation process of the OxCAP-MH. To carry out the translation, the Concept Elaboration document, official English version of the OxCAP-MH, and the Back-Translation Review Template were used. Four independent translators were used for forward and back translations. The reconciled translated version was then piloted in two focus group discussions (N\u2009=\u200916) in Rhino refugee settlement. A most important to least important valuation of the sixteen capability domains covered in the OxCAP-MH was also done.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Juba Arabic version of the OxCAP-MH was finalized following a systematic iterative process. The content of the Juba Arabic version remained unchanged, but key concepts were adapted to ensure cultural acceptability, feasibility, and comprehension of the measure in the local context of Rhino refugee settlement. Most participants had low levels of literacy and required support with filling in the tool. Participants suggested an additional capability that is currently not reflected in the OxCAP-MH, namely access to food. Furthermore, discussions around the valuation exercise of the sixteen domains led to two separate importance scales, which showed relevant differences.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this context, the OxCAP-MH was considered culturally acceptable. The valuation exercise proved cognitively demanding. Participants voiced confusion over how to answer the questions on the OxCAP-MH instrument due to low levels of literacy. These concerns invite consideration for future research to consider how measures such as the OxCAP-MH can be made more accessible to individuals with low literacy rates in resource poor settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-024-00720-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T13:02:18Z","timestamp":1712062938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measuring refugees\u2019 capabilities: translation, adaptation, and valuation of the OxCAP-MH into Juba Arabic for use among South Sudanese male refugees in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.F.","family":"van der Boor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Taban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Fuhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.A.","family":"Tol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"720_CR1","unstructured":"UNHCR (2018) Forced displacement at record 68.5 million. UNHCR. https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/news\/stories\/forced-displacement-record-685-million"},{"key":"720_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlsson J, Sonne C (2018) Mental health, pre-migratory trauma and post-migratory stressors among adult refugees. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-97046-2_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97046-2_2"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863579","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1863579","volume":"12","author":"R Mellor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mellor R, Werner A, Moussa B, Mohsin M, Jayasuriya R, Tay AK (2021) Prevalence, predictors and associations of complex post-traumatic stress disorder with common mental disorders in refugees and forcibly displaced populations: a systematic review. Eur J Psychotraumatol 12(1):1863579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2020.1863579","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-020-00317-6","volume":"14","author":"WA Tol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tol WA, Ager A, Bizouerne C, Bryant R, El Chammay R, Colebunders R, Garc\u00eda-Moreno C, Hamdani SU, James LE, Jansen SC (2020) Improving mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in humanitarian settings: reflections on research funded through R2HC. Conflict Health 14(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"Conflict Health"},{"key":"720_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72914-5_6","volume-title":"An uncertain safety: integrative health care for the 21st century refugees","author":"I Weissbecker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weissbecker I, Hanna F, El Shazly M, Gao J, Ventevogel P (2019) Integrative mental health and psychosocial support interventions for refugees in humanitarian crisis settings. In: An uncertain safety: integrative health care for the 21st century refugees, pp 117\u2013153"},{"key":"720_CR6","unstructured":"WHO (2020) WHO methods and data sources for global burden of disease estimates 2000-2019. https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/gho-documents\/global-health-estimates\/ghe2019_daly-methods.pdf?sfvrsn=31b25009_7"},{"key":"720_CR7","volume-title":"SCIE\u2019s approach to economic evaluation in social care","author":"J Francis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Francis J, Byford S (2011) SCIE\u2019s approach to economic evaluation in social care. Social Care Institute for Excellence, London"},{"issue":"S1","key":"720_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3302","volume":"25","author":"G Greco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greco G, Lorgelly P, Yamabhai I (2016) Outcomes in economic evaluations of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: health, capabilities and subjective wellbeing. Health Econ 25(S1):83\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.3302","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"720_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2009.07.012","volume":"93","author":"H Weatherly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weatherly H, Drummond M, Claxton K, Cookson R, Ferguson B, Godfrey C, Rice N, Sculpher M, Sowden A (2009) Methods for assessing the cost-effectiveness of public health interventions: key challenges and recommendations. Health Policy 93(2\u20133):85\u201392","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"720_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EuroQoL (1990) EuroQol\u2014a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 16(3):199\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"720_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.082453","volume":"197","author":"J Brazier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brazier J (2010) Is the EQ\u20135D fit for purpose in mental health? Br J Psychiatry 197(5):348\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.082453","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"720_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0225-4","volume":"22","author":"JC Davis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T, Richardson CG, Bryan S (2013) A comparison of the ICECAP-O with EQ-5D in a falls prevention clinical setting: are they complements or substitutes? Qual Life Res 22(5):969\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-012-0225-4","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"720_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mukdarut B, Chiumento A, Dickson K, Felix L (2017) The impact of mental health and psychosocial support interventions on people affected by humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review. Oxfam. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21201\/2017.8937","DOI":"10.21201\/2017.8937"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-7-16","volume":"7","author":"WA Tol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tol WA, Stavrou V, Greene MC, Mergenthaler C, van Ommeren M, Garc\u00eda Moreno C (2013) Sexual and gender-based violence in areas of armed conflict: a systematic review of mental health and psychosocial support interventions. Conflict Health 7(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-1505-7-16","journal-title":"Conflict Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"720_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1359","volume":"17","author":"J Coast","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coast J, Smith R, Lorgelly P (2008) Should the capability approach be applied in health economics? Health Econ 17(6):667\u2013670","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"720_CR16","unstructured":"Sen A (1980) Equality of what?"},{"key":"720_CR17","volume-title":"The Elgar companion to health economics","author":"R Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith R, Lorgelly P, Al-Janabi H, Venkatapuram S, Coast J (2012) The capability approach: an alternative evaluation paradigm for health economics? In: The Elgar companion to health economics, 2nd edn. Edward Elgar Publishing","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"720_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02393-5","volume":"29","author":"TM Helter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helter TM, Coast J, Laszewska A, Stamm T, Simon J (2020) Capability instruments in economic evaluations of health-related interventions: a comparative review of the literature. Qual Life Res 29:1433\u20131464","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"720_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon J, Anand P, Gray A, Rugk\u00e5sa J, Yeeles K, Burns T (2013) Operationalising the capability approach for outcome measurement in mental health research. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S02779536130052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.09.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0825-3","volume":"15","author":"F Vergunst","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vergunst F, Jenkinson C, Burns T, Anand P, Gray A, Rugk\u00e5sa J, Simon J (2017) Psychometric validation of a multi-dimensional capability instrument for outcome measurement in mental health research (OxCAP-MH). Health Qual Life Outcomes 15(1):250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-017-0825-3","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"720_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/1354570022000077926","volume":"9","author":"M Nussbaum","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nussbaum M (2003) Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: sen and social justiceV. Feminist Econ 9(2\/3):33\u201359","journal-title":"Feminist Econ"},{"key":"720_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-021-00660-0","volume":"9","author":"TM Helter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Helter TM, Kovacs I, Kanka A, Varga O, Kalman J, Simon J (2021) Internal and external aspects of freedom of choice in mental health: cultural and linguistic adaptation of the Hungarian version of the Oxford CAPabilities questionnaire\u2014Mental Health (OxCAP-MH). BMC Psychol 9:1\u201314","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"720_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02187-9","volume":"28","author":"A Laszewska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laszewska A, Schwab M, Leutner E, Oberrauter M, Spiel G, Simon J (2019) Measuring broader wellbeing in mental health services: validity of the German language OxCAP-MH capability instrument. Qual Life Res 28:2311\u20132323","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-021-00306-0","volume":"5","author":"KR Katumba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katumba KR, Laurence YV, Tenywa P, Ssebunnya J, Laszewska A, Simon J, Vassall A, Kinyanda E, Greco G (2021) Cultural and linguistic adaptation of the multi-dimensional OXCAP-MH for outcome measurement of mental health among people living with HIV\/AIDS in Uganda: the Luganda version. J Patient-Rep Outcomes 5(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"J Patient-Rep Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1762-3","volume":"18","author":"J Simon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simon J, \u0141aszewska A, Leutner E, Spiel G, Churchman D, Mayer S (2018) Cultural and linguistic transferability of the multi-dimensional OxCAP-MH capability instrument for outcome measurement in mental health: the German language version. BMC Psychiatry 18(1):173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1762-3","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"720_CR26","unstructured":"UNHCR (2024) South Sudan situation. Retrieved from https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/situations\/southsudan\/location\/1925"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/INTV.INTV_27_20","volume":"19","author":"DC Fuhr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuhr DC, Bogdanov S, Tol WA, Nadkarni A, Roberts B (2021) Problem management plus and alcohol (PM+A): a new intervention to address alcohol misuse and psychological distress among conflict-affected populations. Intervention 19(1):141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/INTV.INTV_27_20","journal-title":"Intervention"},{"issue":"2","key":"720_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x","volume":"8","author":"D Wild","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A, Erikson P (2005) Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value Health 8(2):94\u2013104","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-02009-6","volume":"20","author":"TM Helter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Helter TM, Kaltenboeck A, Baumgartner J, Mayrhofer F, Heinze G, S\u00f6nnichsen A, Wancata J, Simon J (2022) Does the relative importance of the OxCAP-MH\u2019s capability items differ according to mental ill-health experience? Health Qual Life Outcomes 20(1):99","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"720_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayawickreme E, Jayawickreme N, Goonasekera MA (2012) Using focus group methodology to adapt measurement scales and explore questions of wellbeing and mental health: the case of Sri Lanka. Intervention 10(2):156\u2013167","DOI":"10.1097\/WTF.0b013e328356f3c4"},{"key":"720_CR31","unstructured":"Kumar M, Ongeri L, Mathai M, Mbwayo A (2015) Translation of EPDS questionnaire into Kiswahili: understanding the cross-cultural and translation issues in mental health research. J Pregnancy Child Health 2(1)"},{"key":"720_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasmussen A, Verkuilen J, Ho E, Fan Y (2015) Posttraumatic stress disorder among refugees: measurement invariance of Harvard Trauma Questionnaire scores across global regions and response patterns. Psychol Assessm 27(4):1160","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000115"},{"issue":"3","key":"720_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690701768904","volume":"3","author":"M Nagai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagai M, Karunakara U, Rowley E, Burnham G (2008) Violence against refugees, non-refugees and host populations in southern Sudan and northern Uganda. Global Public Health 3(3):249\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441690701768904","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"key":"720_CR34","unstructured":"Wirtz A, Pham K, Glass N, Dolan C, Ongwech O, Rubenstein L, Vu A (2014) Sexual violence, HIV risk and prevention among male refugees in Ugandan settlements. Poster presented at the 20th international aids conference, Melbourne Australia http:\/\/Pag.Aids2014.Org\/Abstracts.Aspx."},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-020-00292-y","volume":"14","author":"CF van der Boor","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Boor CF, Amos R, Nevitt S, Dowrick C, White RG (2020) Systematic review of factors associated with quality of life of asylum seekers and refugees in high-income countries. Conflict Health 14(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13031-020-00292-y","journal-title":"Conflict Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-022-00451-3","volume":"16","author":"G Seruwagi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seruwagi G, Nakidde C, Lugada E, Ssematiko M, Ddamulira DP, Masaba A, Luswata B, Ochen EA, Okot B, Muhangi D, Lawoko S (2022) Psychological distress and social support among conflict refugees in urban, semi-rural and rural settlements in Uganda: burden and associations. Conflict Health 16(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13031-022-00451-3","journal-title":"Conflict Health"},{"key":"720_CR37","unstructured":"UNHCR (2019) Refugee access to livelihoods and housing, land, and property"},{"key":"720_CR38","unstructured":"Livelihood Resilience Sector Working Group. (2022) Refugee livelihoods and resilience sector strategy (2022-2025). https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t%26rct=j%26q=%26esrc=s%26source=web%26cd=%26ved=2ahUKEwi0noKvgfCAAxXRWEEAHd2TCvwQFnoECBkQAQ%26url=https%3A%2F%2Fdata2.unhcr.org%2Fes%2Fdocuments%2Fdownload%2F100838%26usg=AOvVaw1VZajmA-30LxDQ_-EML1jD%26opi=89978449"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s44202-022-00052-4","volume":"2","author":"J Kalyegira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalyegira J (2022) Basic psychological needs satisfaction and psychological well-being of refugees in Africa. Discov Psychol 2(1):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44202-022-00052-4","journal-title":"Discov Psychol"},{"key":"720_CR40","unstructured":"UNHCR & World Vision (2017) Inter-agency livelihood assessment targeting refugees and host communities in IMVEPI and rhino camp settlements. https:\/\/www.wvi.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Livelihood%20report-lowres.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"720_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-431","volume":"12","author":"D Jahagirdar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jahagirdar D, Kroll T, Ritchie K, Wyke S (2012) Using patient reported outcome measures in health services: a qualitative study on including people with low literacy skills and learning disabilities. BMC Health Serv Res 12(1):431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-431","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"720_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0252684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252684","volume":"16","author":"C Long","year":"2021","unstructured":"Long C, Beres LK, Wu AW, Giladi AM (2021) Developing a protocol for adapting multimedia patient-reported outcomes measures for low literacy patients. PLoS One 16(6):e0252684","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"S2","key":"720_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2010.500713","volume":"15","author":"KJ Yost","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yost KJ, Webster K, Baker DW, Jacobs EA, Anderson A, Hahn EA (2010) Acceptability of the talking touchscreen for health literacy assessment. J Health Commun 15(S2):80\u201392","journal-title":"J Health Commun"}],"container-title":["Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41687-024-00720-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41687-024-00720-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41687-024-00720-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T08:23:45Z","timestamp":1721031825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jpro.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41687-024-00720-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41687-024-00720-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-8020"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-8020","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was provided by LSHTM ethics committee (ref: 26560) and by the Mildmay Uganda Research Council (ref 0801-2022). All participants provided written consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants provided written consent to their anonymous data being published in a scientific journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}