{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:15:43Z","timestamp":1792905343692,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Eli Lilly and Company"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Eli Lilly and Company"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Patient Rep Outcomes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bowel urgency, the sudden and immediate need to have a bowel movement, is common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD). While its impact in UC is well established, less is known about its importance in CD. Further, what level of bowel urgency control patients with UC or CD would consider to be acceptable or in remission has not been established. This qualitative study aimed to understand perceptions of bowel urgency and remission in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Semi-structured combined concept elicitation and cognitive interviews were conducted to explore how adults with moderate-to-severe UC or CD and current or recent bowel urgency think about the concept of bowel urgency and its remission. The Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (UNRS) was used to examine different levels of bowel urgency severity and to investigate what level of bowel urgency patients would consider as representing remission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919 UC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921 CD) recruited from six US sites completed the study. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. Both groups reported impacts of bowel urgency on physical, social, professional, and emotional aspects of their lives. Most participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915 UC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918 CD) reported having experienced one or more incidents of urgency-related fecal incontinence. Most participants considered remission to be a state with a normal or reduced number of bowel movements and no or less frequent bowel urgency, and they noted that remission would increase their ability to engage in daily activities without fear of fecal incontinence. Participants were able to map different levels of severity of bowel urgency to UNRS score ranges (scale: 0\u201310), and they indicated that a mean UNRS score of 5 (UC) or 4 (CD) would be the highest point on the NRS at which they would still consider their bowel urgency to be in remission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bowel urgency is an important issue for patients with either moderate-to-severe UC or CD, and its remission would improve their lives. Further, these patients may still consider bowel urgency to be in remission even at UNRS scores as high as 4 or 5.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-024-00800-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T06:41:21Z","timestamp":1731393681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Patient perception of bowel urgency and remission in moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease or ulcerative colitis: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8412-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa Hunter","family":"Gibble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Stassek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gale","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Stefan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsion","family":"Fikre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison Potts","family":"Bleakman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marla","family":"Dubinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3760","volume":"49","author":"KM de Lange","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Lange KM et al (2017) Genome-wide association study implicates immune activation of multiple integrin genes in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet 49(2):256\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3760","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.016","volume":"157","author":"D Piovani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piovani D et al (2019) Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Gastroenterology 157(3):647\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10080","key":"800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","volume":"389","author":"R Ungaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ungaro R et al (2017) Ulcerative colitis. 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The study protocol and recruiting clinical sites were approved by Advarra (Columbia, MD), a central institutional review board (study reference number: Pro00069827).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"T.H.G., A.P.B., and R.M. are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. L.S., G.H., M.S., and T.F. are employees of Evidera, which received funding from Eli Lilly and Company to conduct this research. M.D. is a consultant\/advisor for Abbvie, Abivax, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Bristol-Meyer Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Genentech Inc, Gilead, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Biosciences, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"130"}}