{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:46Z","timestamp":1784851246251,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Patient Rep Outcomes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients have symptoms that impact on their autonomy, defined as being able to perform the roles that are most important to oneself, with or without help. This research aimed to identify distinct phenotypic autonomy profiles among People with MS (PwMS) and evaluate their 1-year longitudinal trajectories using the newly developed 10-dimension Multiple Sclerosis Autonomy Scale (MSAS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were drawn from the prospective, non-interventional FOCAL-MS2 study following 199 PwMS in France over 12\u2009months. To uncover patient profiles, we applied an unsupervised clustering method using clinical and social parameters at baseline. Cluster stability was validated via bootstrap resampling and the Jaccard similarity index. Within-patient 1-year changes in MSAS subscales were evaluated against a Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis yielded six highly stable patient clusters (Jaccard indices ranging from 0.90 to 0.98). Cluster 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) comprised middle-aged patients on sick leave who were severely impacted regarding activities with others. Cluster 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200942) was characterized by a younger population (40\u201349\u2009years) requiring occasional walking assistance. Cluster 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200942) consisted of middle-aged patients who maintained high levels of personal activities. Cluster 4 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) represented the oldest (\u226560\u2009years) and most disabled group at baseline; paradoxically, this subgroup showed an improvement in autonomy across most dimensions over the year. Finally, Cluster 5 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919, without activities) and Cluster 6 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936, professionally active women) both represented younger patients (&lt;40\u2009years) exhibiting high functional autonomy at baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study identified six unique clusters that differ not only in their baseline symptom burden but also in their 1-year trajectory of autonomy. This underlines the necessity to address specific socio-professional and psychosocial dimensions of autonomy unique to each patient\u2019s profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-026-01074-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T16:43:02Z","timestamp":1779727382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A clustering-based approach to characterize autonomy profiles among multiple sclerosis patients: an application of the Qluster method in the FOCAL-MS2 study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"David","family":"PAU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Civet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Donz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9raud","family":"Paillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Mekies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Brechenmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Mouzawak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Vermersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Esnault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Le Ralle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1074_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.59578\/jmsni.2025.16.1.19-25","volume":"16","author":"G Mercier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mercier G, Pau D, Bourel G, Belhassen M, Deygas F, Marchal C, Larrieu S, Civet A, Moisset X (2025) Ocrelizumab\u2019s place in the therapeutic landscape at its 2019 launch in France. 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The study was approved by the competent national independent ethics committee (Comit\u00e9 de Protection des Personnes, CPP) in France on November 10, 2023, in accordance with French regulations (study ID 2023-A01882-43). An information notice and non-opposition form were provided to patients during a routine visit. Additionally, this manuscript and the data it presents does not contain any personally identifiable information as all results are aggregated. Regarding authors, all authors approved the final manuscript for publication.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical considerations","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Merz Pharmaceuticals LLC that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Coloplast Group that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with AbbVie SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Bayer Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Celgene Sarl that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Eisai SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Genzyme Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with GSK that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Pfizer SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Sandoz SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Teva Sant\u00e9 SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. David Pau reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: employment. Alexandre Civet reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: employment. Lucie Brechenmacher reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: employment. Geraud Paillot reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Geraud Paillot reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Geraud Paillot reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Celgene Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Alexion Pharma France SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Horizon Therapeutics that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Ad Scientiam that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Sanofi Genzyme France that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with AB Science that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Ad Scientiam that includes: speaking and lecture fees. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"125"}}