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The EQ-5D-5\u00a0L is a widely used generic patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess HRQoL across health conditions. However, its psychometric properties have not been fully established in Italian people with MS (PwMS). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian EQ-5D-5\u00a0L in PwMS, supporting its applicability in clinical and research contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional psychometric validation study was conducted in accordance with COSMIN guidelines. Participants were recruited from an Italian tertiary MS center based on the following inclusion criteria: age\u2009\u2265\u200918 years, confirmed MS diagnosis according to the 2017 McDonald criteria, fluency in Italian, and ability to provide informed consent and independently complete the questionnaire. Eligible participants completed the Italian EQ-5D-5\u00a0L and the MSQOL-54 in person. Test-retest reliability was assessed via Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) after a 48-hour interval in clinically stable participants, construct validity through Pearson\u2019s correlations with MSQOL-54 domains, and known-groups validity by ANOVA and t-tests across disability levels (EDSS), employment status, and physiotherapy engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-nine PwMS (55% female; mean age 49\u2009\u00b1\u200913 years) were included. The EQ-5D-5\u00a0L showed high test\u2013retest reliability (ICC range\u2009=\u20090.81\u20130.95). Strong correlations supported construct validity, particularly between the EQ-Index and the Physical Health Composite Score (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.76,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and between the EQ-VAS and the Overall Quality of Life item (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.71,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Known-groups validity was confirmed, with higher HRQoL scores among participants with mild disability (EDSS 0\u20133.5) and those employed (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Italian EQ-5D-5\u00a0L showed satisfactory reliability and construct validity in PwMS, supporting its use as a generic measure of HRQoL in clinical and research settings. The relatively small sample size, particularly in the test\u2013retest subgroup, should be considered when interpreting these findings. Additional measurement properties, including content validity, were not specifically evaluated in the present study. Complementary use with MS-specific instruments remains advisable to capture domains such as fatigue and cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-026-01077-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:06:19Z","timestamp":1777565179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing the reliability and validity of the Italian EQ-5D-5\u00a0L in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sellitto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Simonazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francescaroberta","family":"Panuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Marini","family":"Padovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Amadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Simeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Galeoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Ruotolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1077_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12974-022-02408-Y\/TABLES\/1","volume":"19","author":"E Kamma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamma E, Lasisi W, Libner C, Ng HS, Plemel JR (2022) Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics. 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Approval was obtained from the Comitato Etico Territoriale Lazio Area 1 (regional determination no. G01659 of 10\/02\/2023; approval date: 06\/11\/2023; Protocol No. 0969\/2023). All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with institutional and national research committee ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the study\u2019s aims, procedures, and voluntary nature, and were assured of confidentiality and the right to withdraw at any time without consequence.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"No identifiable individual data (including images, videos, or personal details) are presented in this article. Therefore, consent for publication was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"102"}}