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Women in Mongolia, China, with BC face distinct socioeconomic and cultural barriers that may affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly during adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). This study assessed the HRQoL of Mongolian-speaking BC patients undergoing AET.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive, cross-sectional study included Mongolian-speaking BC patients from two hospitals in Inner Mongolia, China. Participants provided their sociodemographic and clinical information. They completed the Mongolian versions of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Symptoms (FACT-ES). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was assessed by an oncologist during the clinical encounter and recorded for study purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 215 patients approached, 200 participated and completed the questionnaires. Mean(SD) age\u2009=\u200955.45\u2009\u00b1\u20099.63 years; 72.5% were Stages I-II, 76% had a mastectomy, and 12% had breast-conserving surgery. Fourteen symptoms were reported by over 20% of participants. The most frequently reported were joint pain (82%), hot flashes (72%), cold sweats (61%) and mood swings (60%). Emotional well-being scores were lower than those reported in healthy females and female cancer patients, while functional well-being scores were relatively higher. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in various subscales and overall FACT-ES scores across different characteristics, including annual income, occupational status, previous surgical procedures, cancer stage at diagnosis, and ECOG performance status (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.05). In multivariate regression analysis, ECOG performance status was negatively associated with most subscales and the overall FACT-ES (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the complex relationships between AET and HRQoL, as well as the specific challenges for Mongolian-speaking BC patients receiving AET in Inner Mongolia, China, underscoring the need for multidimensional approaches to improving HRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-026-01101-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T15:53:32Z","timestamp":1779983612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health-related quality of life among Mongolian-speaking women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy in China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rila","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Morlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert W.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alden L.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1101_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22971-x","volume":"12","author":"Y Andreu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andreu Y, Soto-Rubio A, Ramos-Campos M, Escriche-Saura A, Mart\u00ednez M, Gavil\u00e1 J (2022) Impact of hormone therapy side effects on health-related quality of life, distress, and well-being of breast cancer survivors. 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