{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:11:23Z","timestamp":1784124683118,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Patient Rep Outcomes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Mind Youth Questionnaire is a multidimensional health-related quality-of-life questionnaire designed for pediatric diabetes care and exists in Dutch, English, and Spanish.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to linguistically and psychometrically validate the Mind Youth Questionnaire (My-Q) for Swedish-speaking youths with type 1 diabetes. The linguistic process of the Dutch version followed ISPOR\u00b4s guidelines. For face validity, youths with type 1 diabetes and diabetes nurses were interviewed. Three stigma items were included. The final Swedish My-Q consists of 38 items. A total of 166 youths (10\u201319 years) completed the My-Q and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory diabetes module. A 2nd -order confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the nine-factor Dutch and five-factor Spanish versions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 2nd -order nine-factor solution (social impact, parents, diabetes control perceptions, responsibilities, worries, treatment satisfaction, body image and eating behavior, stigma, and mood) showed adequate fit: \u03c72(551)\u2009=\u2009828.36 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01), Comparative Fit Index (CFI)\u2009=\u20090.90, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)\u2009=\u20090.05 [0.05,0.06], Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)\u2009=\u20090.08. The nine-factor solution and grouping of the items followed a clear rationale. The reliability coefficients of the total scale were adequate, \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.86, \u2126\u2009=\u20090.90, and \u2126 for all the factors ranged from 0.49 to 0.88. The relationships between My-Q factors and sociodemographic variables revealed that boys had better health-related quality of life than girls. Younger youths reported better health-related quality of life in terms of body image and eating behavior (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.005). Concurrent validity was confirmed, as all the factors were positively related to all the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory diabetes module factors. A negative correlation was found between the level of glycated hemoglobin and the My-Q score (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-.258,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Swedish My-Q has adequate psychometric properties and can be used in research and for routine psychosocial assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-026-01148-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:33:06Z","timestamp":1784043186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linguistical and psychometric validation of the MIND Youth Questionnaire (My-Q) in Swedish"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8136-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Lena","family":"Brorsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6042-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Rudilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Kleijberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maartje","family":"deWit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lindholm-Olinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1148_CR1","unstructured":"Internationa Diabetes Federation (2025) IDF Diabetes Atlas, 11th edition: International Diabetes Federation. Avaliable from: https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/resources\/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025\/"},{"key":"1148_CR2","unstructured":"The National Diabetes Register (2024) The National Diabetes Registry (NDR): Annual report 2024. Gothenburg: The National Diabetes Register."},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13455","volume":"23","author":"M de Bock","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Bock M, Codner E, Craig ME, Huynh T, Maahs DM, Mahmud FH et al (2022) ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Glycemic targets and glucose monitoring for children, adolescents, and young people with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 23(8):1270\u20131276","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12409","volume":"279","author":"E Nilsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nilsson E, Orwelius L, Kristenson M (2016) Patient-reported outcomes in the Swedish National Quality Registers. J Intern Med 279(2):141\u2013153","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13428","volume":"23","author":"M de Wit","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Wit M, Gajewska KA, Goethals ER, McDarby V, Zhao X, Hapunda G et al (2022) ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Psychological care of children, adolescents and young adults with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 23(8):1373\u20131389","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"1148_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1190-x","volume":"19","author":"SE Skovlund","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skovlund SE, Lichtenberg TH, Hessler D, Ejskjaer N (2019) Can the Routine Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Improve the Delivery of Person-Centered Diabetes Care? A Review of Recent Developments and a Case Study. Curr Diab Rep 19(9):84","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1148_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01305-z","volume":"20","author":"M de Wit","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Wit M, Versloot J, Zenlea I, Goethals ER (2020) Using Person-Reported Outcomes (PROs) to Motivate Young People with Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 20(7):23","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0394","volume":"31","author":"M de Wit","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Wit M, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Bokma JA, Haasnoot K, Houdijk MC, Gemke RJ et al (2008) Monitoring and discussing health-related quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes improve psychosocial well-being: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 31(8):1521\u20131526","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1148_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02581.x","volume":"101","author":"JE Chaplin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chaplin JE, Hallman M, Nilsson NO, Lindblad B (2012) The reliability of the disabled children\u2019s quality-of-life questionnaire in Swedish children with diabetes. Acta Paediatr 101(5):501\u2013506","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02706.x","volume":"101","author":"P Sand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sand P, Kljajic M, Schaller J, Forsander G (2012) The reliability of the Health Related Quality Of Life questionnaire PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module for Swedish children with type 1 diabetes. Acta Paediatr 101(8):e344\u2013e349","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 13","key":"1148_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00612.x","volume":"10","author":"M Peyrot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peyrot M, International DYSG (2009) The DAWN Youth WebTalk Study: methods, findings, and implications. Pediatr Diabetes 10(Suppl 13):37\u201345","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2012.00872.x","volume":"13","author":"M de Wit","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Wit M, Winterdijk P, Aanstoot HJ, Anderson B, Danne T, Deeb L et al (2012) Assessing diabetes-related quality of life of youth with type 1 diabetes in routine clinical care: the MIND Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q). Pediatr Diabetes 13(8):638\u2013646","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR13","first-page":"4","volume":"70","author":"D Rudilla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rudilla D, Garc\u00eda E, Ortiz-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga \u00c1M, Le\u00f3n MC, Nattero-Ch\u00e1vez L, Mingorance A et al (2023) Psychomeric validation of the MIND Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q) to assess quality of life in Spanish patients with type 1 diabetes between 12 and 25 years old. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) 70(1):4\u201313","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1148_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18","volume":"13","author":"S Cuschieri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cuschieri S (2019) The STROBE guidelines. Saudi J Anaesth 13(Suppl 1):S31\u2013s4","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x","volume":"8","author":"D Wild","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A et al (2005) Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health 8(2):94\u2013104","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"1148_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13507","volume":"34","author":"JL Browne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Browne JL, Ventura AD, Mosely K, Speight J (2017) Measuring Type 1 diabetes stigma: development and validation of the Type 1 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-1). Diabet Med 34(12):1773\u20131782","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1148_CR17","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling Fourth edition ed","author":"RB Kline","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kline RB (2015) Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling Fourth edition ed. Guilford Press, New York"},{"key":"1148_CR18","unstructured":"SPSS I (2012) Statistics for windows. Corp NI, editor"},{"key":"1148_CR19","volume-title":"Mplus user\u2019s guide. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n","author":"L Muth\u00e9n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n L, Muthen BO (2017) Mplus user\u2019s guide. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n, Los Angeles, CA. Los Angeles, CA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"LT Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu LT, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling-a. Multidisciplinary J 6(1):1\u201355","journal-title":"Multidisciplinary J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR21","first-page":"791","volume":"52","author":"S B\u00e9land","year":"2017","unstructured":"B\u00e9land S, Cousineau D, Loye N (2017) Using the mcdonald\u2019s omega coefficient instead of cronbach\u2019s alpha. Mcgill J Educ 52(3):791\u2013804","journal-title":"Mcgill J Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12362","volume":"31","author":"AL Brorsson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brorsson AL, Lindholm Olinder A, Wikblad K, Viklund G (2017) Parent\u2019s perception of their children\u2019s health, quality of life and burden of diabetes: testing reliability and validity of \u2018Check your Health\u2019 by proxy. Scand J Caring Sci 31(3):497\u2013504","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01615.x","volume":"99","author":"G Viklund","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viklund G, Wikblad K (2010) Self-perceived health and burden of diabetes in teenagers with type 1 diabetes: psychometric properties of the Swedish measure \u2018check your health\u2019. Acta Paediatr 99(3):422\u2013426","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05866-4","volume":"66","author":"SAG de Vries","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Vries SAG, Verheugt CL, Mul D, Nieuwdorp M, Sas TCJ (2023) Do sex differences in paediatric type 1 diabetes care exist? A systematic review. Diabetologia 66(4):618\u2013630","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1148_CR25","unstructured":"The Public Health Agency (2023) Health Behaviour in School-aged Children. Avaliable from: https:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/publikationer-och-material\/publikationsarkiv\/s\/skolbarns-halsovanor-i-sverige-2021-2022-nationella-resultat\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"1148_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12478","volume":"18","author":"G Forsander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forsander G, Bogelund M, Haas J, Samuelsson U (2017) Adolescent life with diabetes-Gender matters for level of distress. Experiences from the national TODS study. Pediatr Diabetes 18(7):651\u2013659","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12237","volume":"17","author":"M Eilander","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eilander M, de Wit M, Rotteveel J, Maas-van Schaaijk N, Roeleveld-Versteegh A, Snoek F (2016) Implementation of quality of life monitoring in Dutch routine care of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: appreciated but difficult. Pediatr Diabetes 17(2):112\u2013119","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14991","volume":"109","author":"J Haas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haas J, Persson M, Hagstrom Toft E, Rathsman B, Brorsson AL, Lindholm Olinder A (2020) Treatment satisfaction correlated with glycaemic control and burden of diabetes in Swedish adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Acta Paediatr 109(3):573\u2013580","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.71332\/rt65d756","volume":"8","author":"S Ortiz-Domenech","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ortiz-Domenech S, Cumba-Avil\u00e9s E (2021) Diabetes-Related Stigma among Adolescents: Emotional Self-Efficacy, Aggressiveness, Self-Care, and Barriers to Treatment Compliance. Salud Conducta Humana 8(1):82\u201396","journal-title":"Salud Conducta Humana"},{"issue":"9509","key":"1148_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68189-0","volume":"367","author":"MG Weiss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weiss MG, Ramakrishna J (2006) Stigma interventions and research for international health. Lancet 367(9509):536\u2013538","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2337\/cd16-0020","volume":"35","author":"NF Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu NF, Brown AS, Folias AE, Younge MF, Guzman SJ, Close KL et al (2017) Stigma in People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 35(1):27\u201334","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15159","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15159","volume":"41","author":"A Soufi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soufi A, Mok E, Henderson M, Dasgupta K, Rahme E, Nakhla M (2024) Association of stigma, diabetes distress and self-efficacy with quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes preparing to transition to adult care. Diabet Med 41(1):e15159","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1453","volume":"47","author":"KB Eitel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eitel KB, Roberts AJ, D\u2019Agostino R Jr., Barrett CE, Bell RA, Bellatorre A et al (2024) Diabetes Stigma and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents and Young Adults: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care 47(2):290\u2013294","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1148_CR34","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2024) WMA declaration of helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Available from: https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki\/"}],"container-title":["Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41687-026-01148-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41687-026-01148-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41687-026-01148-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:32:33Z","timestamp":1784122353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s41687-026-01148-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41687-026-01148-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-8020"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-8020","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Swedish Ethical Review Authority approved this study (no: 2022-03838-01 and 2022-05738-02), which was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki [\n                      \n                      ].","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Before inclusion, participants and their parents received oral and written information. The participants signed informed consent forms. In accordance with Swedish regulations, the legal guardians of participants under 15 years of age also signed an informed consent form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"121"}}