{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T07:11:10Z","timestamp":1758265870724,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft","award":["LE 817\/40-1","RE 4418\/1-1","PU 219\/2-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE 817\/40-1","RE 4418\/1-1","PU 219\/2-3"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum RWTH Aachen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol Exp"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To validate pulmonary computed tomography (CT) perfusion in a porcine model by invasive monitoring of cardiac output (CO) using thermodilution method.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Animals were studied at a single center, using a Swan-Ganz catheter for invasive CO monitoring as a reference. Fifteen pigs were included. Contrast-enhanced CT perfusion of the descending aorta and right and left pulmonary artery was performed. For variation purposes, a balloon catheter was inserted to block the contralateral pulmonary vascular bed; additionally, two increased CO settings were created by intravenous administration of catecholamines. Finally, stepwise capillary occlusion was performed by intrapulmonary arterial injection of 75-\u03bcm microspheres in four stages. A semiautomatic selection of AFs and a recirculation-aware tracer-kinetics model to extract the first-pass of AFs, estimating blood flow with the Stewart-Hamilton method, was implemented. Linear mixed models (LMM) were developed to calibrate blood flow calculations accounting with individual- and cohort-level effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nine of 15 pigs had complete datasets. Strong correlations were observed between calibrated pulmonary (0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6\u20130.82) and aortic blood flow measurements (0.82, 95% CI, 0.73\u20130.88) and the reference as well as agreements (\u00b1\u20092.24 L\/min and\u2009\u00b1\u20091.86 L\/min, respectively) comparable to the state of the art, on a relatively wide range of right ventricle-CO measurements.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CT perfusion validly measures CO using LMMs at both individual and cohort levels, as demonstrated by referencing the invasive CO.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Possible clinical applications of CT perfusion for measuring CO could be in acute pulmonary thromboembolism or to assess right ventricular function to show impairment or mismatch to the left ventricle.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 CT perfusion measures flow in vessels.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 CT perfusion measures cumulative cardiac output in the aorta and pulmonary vessels.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 CT perfusion validly measures CO using LMMs at both individual and cohort levels, as demonstrated by using the invasive CO as a reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-024-00431-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T16:03:18Z","timestamp":1711123398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pulmonary CT perfusion robustly measures cardiac output in the context of multilevel pulmonary occlusion: a porcine study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Diogo","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Muders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Wodack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Putensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Siepmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hentze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1769-4953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Reinartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"431_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn310","volume":"29","author":"A Torbicki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S et al (2008) Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. 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