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While small animal models contain limits for translational research, we aimed to develop an atherosclerosis model with lumen-narrowing plaques to foster basic research in vascular biology, the development of new angioplasty devices, and vessel wall imaging approaches.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Endothelial denudation was performed <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> a minimally invasive approach through the auricular artery, followed by stent-retriever mediated endothelial injury in New Zealand White rabbits (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910). Along with a high-fat diet, the rabbits developed lumen-narrowing atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia of the iliac arteries within a 6-week period after mechanical injury. The stent-retriever method was compared with a conventional rabbit model (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) using balloon denudation via surgical access, and both models were analyzed with a particular focus on animal welfare. Fisher\u2019s exact, Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>, and unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests were used.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The average time for the entire procedure was 62\u2009min for the balloon group and 31\u2009min for the stent-retriever group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The stent-retriever model resulted in less periprocedural morbidity (including expenditure, intubation time, anesthetics, and end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> level) and mortality (40% mortality in the conventional group compared to 0% in the stent-retriever model, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011), while generating lumen-narrowing atherosclerotic lesions with key features as compared to humans as revealed by time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging and histology.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We developed a minimally invasive model of iliac atherosclerosis with high reproducibility and improved animal welfare for translational research.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This advanced rabbit model could allow for translational research in atherosclerosis, including pharmacological investigations as well as research on interventional angioplasty procedures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Rabbit models show similar lipid metabolism as humans.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Stent-retriever mediated endothelial denudation causes neointimal hyperplasia and lumen narrowing.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>This minimal invasive model allows for clinical translation, including pharmacological investigations and vessel wall imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-025-00558-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T13:31:48Z","timestamp":1738848708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A minimally invasive animal model of atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia for translational research"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Max L. 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