{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:03:13Z","timestamp":1792494193388,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol Exp"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Nonenlarged lymph node metastasis (NELNM) of rectal cancer is easily overlooked because these apparently normal lymph nodes are sometimes too small to measure directly using imaging techniques. Radiomic-based multiparametric imaging sequences could predict NELNM based on the primary lesion of rectal cancer. We aimed to study the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics derived from reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging (rDWI) and conventional DWI (cDWI) for the prediction of NELNM.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 86 rectal cancer patients (60 and 26 patients in training and test cohorts, respectively), underwent multiparametric MRI. Radiomic features were extracted from the whole primary lesion of rectal cancer segmented on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), rDWI, and cDWI, both with <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>-value of 800\u2009s\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from both DWI sequences (rADC and cADC). The radiomic models based on the above imaging methods were built for the assessment of NELNM status. Their diagnostic performances were evaluated in comparison with subjective evaluation by radiologists.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>rADC demonstrated a significant advantage over subjective assessment in predicting NELNM in both training and test cohorts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.002). In the test cohort, rADC exhibited a significantly higher area under the receiver operating characteristics curve than cADC, cDWIb800, and T2WI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.020) in assessing NELNM for region-of-interest (ROI) delineation while excelling over rDWIb800 for prediction of NELNM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0498).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Radiomic features based on rADC outperformed those derived from T2WI and fDWI in predicting the NELNM status of rectal cancer, rADC was more advantageous than rDWIb800 in assessing NELNM.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Advanced rDWI excelled over cDWI in radiomic assessment of NELNM of rectal cancer, with the best performance observed for rADC, in contrast to rDWIb800, cADC, cDWIb800, and T2WI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>rDWI, cDWI, and T2WI radiomics could help assess NELNM of rectal cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Radiomic features based on rADC outperformed those based on rDWIb800, cADC, cDWIb800, and T2WI in predicting NELNM.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>For rDWI radiomics, the ADC map was more accurate and reliable than DWI to assess NELNM for region of interest delineation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-025-00575-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T10:51:44Z","timestamp":1742640704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MRI radiomic study on prediction of nonenlarged lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer: reduced field-of-view versus conventional DWI"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Weinuo","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2529-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daoyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djk092","volume":"99","author":"GJ Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang GJ, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Skibber JM et al (2007) Lymph node evaluation and survival after curative resection of colon cancer: systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst 99:433\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djk092","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"575_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.09.156","volume":"47","author":"H Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan H, Yang H, Jiang P et al (2024) A radiomics model based on T2WI and clinical indexes for prediction of lateral lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer. Asian J Surg 47:450\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.09.156","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4565-5","volume":"22","author":"T Akiyoshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akiyoshi T, Matsueda K, Hiratsuka M et al (2015) Indications for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection based on magnetic resonance imaging before and after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced low-rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 22:614\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-015-4565-5","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3216-y","volume":"21","author":"T Akiyoshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Matsueda K et al (2014) Selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in patients with advanced low rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy based on pretreatment imaging. Ann Surg Oncol 21:189\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-013-3216-y","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2003.12.005","volume":"52","author":"JH Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim JH, Beets GL, Kim MJ, Kessels AG, Beets-Tan RG (2004) High-resolution MR imaging for nodal staging in rectal cancer: Are there any criteria in addition to the size? Eur J Radiol 52:78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2003.12.005","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"575_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5026-2","volume":"28","author":"RGH Beets-Tan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beets-Tan RGH, Lambregts DMJ, Maas M et al (2018) Magnetic resonance imaging for clinical management of rectal cancer: updated recommendations from the 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus meeting. Eur Radiol 28:1465\u20131475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-5026-2","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"575_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28068","volume":"56","author":"H Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia H, Jiang X, Zhang K et al (2022) A nomogram of combining IVIM-DWI and MRI radiomics from the primary lesion of rectal adenocarcinoma to assess nonenlarged lymph node metastasis preoperatively. J Magn Reson Imaging 56:658\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.28068","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"575_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000321","volume":"58","author":"G Langman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Langman G, Patel A, Bowley DM (2015) Size and distribution of lymph nodes in rectal cancer resection specimens. Dis Colon Rectum 58:406\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000321","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16812","volume":"26","author":"S Kasai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kasai S, Hino H, Hatakeyama K et al (2024) Risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis based on the molecular profiling of rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 26:45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/codi.16812","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25814","volume":"47","author":"Y Peng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peng Y, Li Z, Tang H et al (2018) Comparison of reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and conventional DWI techniques in the assessment of rectal carcinoma at 3.0T: image quality and histological T staging. J Magn Reson Imaging 47:967\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.25814","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"575_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07227-4","volume":"31","author":"L Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu L, Zhou DW, Fu CX et al (2021) Advanced zoomed diffusion-weighted imaging vs. full-field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging in prostate cancer detection: a radiomic features study. Eur Radiol 31:1760\u20131769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07227-4","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109028","volume":"127","author":"Y Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng Y, Xu C, Hu X et al (2020) Reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging in histological characterization of rectal cancer: impact of different region-of-interest positioning protocols on apparent diffusion coefficient measurements. Eur J Radiol 127:109028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109028","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23522","volume":"35","author":"J Finsterbusch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Finsterbusch J (2012) Improving the performance of diffusion-weighted inner field-of-view echo-planar imaging based on 2D-selective radiofrequency excitations by tilting the excitation plane. J Magn Reson Imaging 35:984\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.23522","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.141","volume":"14","author":"P Lambin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambin P, Leijenaar RTH, Deist TM et al (2017) Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 14:749\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.141","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018172300","volume":"287","author":"N Horvat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horvat N, Veeraraghavan H, Khan M et al (2018) MR imaging of rectal cancer: radiomics analysis to assess treatment response after neoadjuvant therapy. Radiology 287:833\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2018172300","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"575_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao W, Xu H, Zhao R et al (2023) MRI-based radiomics model for preoperative prediction of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer. Acad Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2023.07.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.07.016"},{"key":"575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hao Y, Zheng J, Li W et al (2024) Ultra-high b-value DWI in rectal cancer: image quality assessment and regional lymph node prediction based on radiomics. Eur Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10958-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10958-3"},{"key":"575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16821","volume":"51","author":"C Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong C, Liu T, Zhang C et al (2024) Preoperative detection of lymphovascular invasion in rectal cancer using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging based on radiomics. Med Phys 51:179\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.16821","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i6","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6","volume":"352","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, Van Calster B, Steyerberg EW (2016) Net benefit approaches to the evaluation of prediction models, molecular markers, and diagnostic tests. BMJ 352:i6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i6","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0064-7","volume":"3","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, van Calster B, Steyerberg EW (2019) A simple, step-by-step guide to interpreting decision curve analysis. Diagn Progn Res 3:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41512-019-0064-7","journal-title":"Diagn Progn Res"},{"key":"575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-017-1628-z","volume":"8","author":"Y Yamaoka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamaoka Y, Kinugasa Y, Shiomi A et al (2017) The distribution of lymph node metastases and their size in colon cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 8:1213\u20131221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00423-017-1628-z","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388","volume":"67","author":"MB Amin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB et al (2017) The eighth edition AJCC cancer staging manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging. CA Cancer J Clin 67:93\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21388","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"575_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001239","volume":"110","author":"E Abbaspour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbaspour E, Karimzadhagh S, Monsef A et al (2024) Application of radiomics for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 110:3795\u20133813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001239","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"575_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang J, Hu S, Liang P et al (2024) R2* mapping and reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging for preoperative assessment of nonenlarged lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer. NMR Biomed. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.5174","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5174"},{"key":"575_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110649","volume":"159","author":"L Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang L, Xia C, Hu S et al (2023) Effectiveness of simultaneous multislice accelerated readout-segmented echo planar imaging for the assessment of rectal cancer. Eur J Radiol 159:110649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110649","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"575_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02763-5","volume":"46","author":"S Jang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jang S, Lee JM, Yoon JH, Bae JS (2021) Reduced field-of-view versus full field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging for the evaluation of complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 46:1468\u20131477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-020-02763-5","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"575_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-021-00403-9","volume":"21","author":"J Qiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiu J, Liu J, Bi Z et al (2021) Integrated slice-specific dynamic shimming diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for rectal cancer detection and characterization. Cancer Imaging 21:32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40644-021-00403-9","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"575_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.12311","volume":"38","author":"D Hausmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hausmann D, Liu J, Budjan J et al (2018) Image quality assessment of 2D versus 3D T2WI and evaluation of ultra-high b-value (b\u2009=\u20092,000\u2009mm\/s(2)) DWI for response assessment in rectal cancer. Anticancer Res 38:969\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21873\/anticanres.12311","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"575_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2021-0077","volume":"22","author":"K Fukushima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fukushima K, Sano K, Machida H et al (2023) Effect of an ultra-high b-value of 3000\u2009s\/mm(2) and the minimal echo-time on image quality and the T2 shine-through effect in diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver at 3T: phantom and clinical pilot studies. Magn Reson Med Sci 22:232\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2463\/mrms.mp.2021-0077","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"575_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4830-z","volume":"27","author":"DMJ Lambregts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambregts DMJ, van Heeswijk MM, Delli Pizzi A et al (2017) Diffusion-weighted MRI to assess response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: main interpretation pitfalls and their use for teaching. Eur Radiol 27:4445\u20134454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-4830-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"575_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-017-3568-x","volume":"22","author":"J Grone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grone J, Loch FN, Taupitz M, Schmidt C, Kreis ME (2018) Accuracy of various lymph node staging criteria in rectal cancer with magnetic resonance imaging. J Gastrointest Surg 22:146\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11605-017-3568-x","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"575_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2339-y","volume":"30","author":"F Doyon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doyon F, Attenberger UI, Dinter DJ, Schoenberg SO, Post S, Kienle P (2015) Clinical relevance of morphologic MRI criteria for the assessment of lymph nodes in patients with rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 30:1541\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-015-2339-y","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"575_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02863-2","volume":"46","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhou M, Chen X, Luan K (2021) An MRI-based multi-objective radiomics model predicts lymph node status in patients with rectal cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 46:1816\u20131824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-020-02863-2","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"}],"container-title":["European Radiology Experimental"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00575-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T10:51:48Z","timestamp":1742640708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurradiolexp.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00575-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00575-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-9280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-9280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital and informed consent was waived (approval number: TJ-IRB202412189; approval date: September 6th, 2023).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}