{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:26:19Z","timestamp":1781789179315,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005941","name":"Dietmar Hopp Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1DH2011152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DH2011152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol Exp"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Periodontitis is characterized by the inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting alveolar bone. Dental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion can potentially detect vascular inflammatory responses. This study aims to assess the feasibility of perfusion dental MRI and characterize periodontal lesions with perfusion profiles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this prospective study, 19 patients with severe periodontitis underwent pretreatment 3-T dental MRI with T2-weighted, high-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted perfusion protocol, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fat-suppressed sequences as well as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Periodontal bone lesions were segmented semiautomatically using a multistep threshold-based algorithm, guided by T1-weighted contrast enhancement, T2-weighted hyperintensity, as well as CBCT-based bone loss. Volumetric analyses and clinical data were compared with perfusion parameters.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In all 95 assessed periodontal lesions, perfusion parameter elevations were significantly different when compared to normal distant bone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 to 0.026). Moreover, structurally normal-appearing bone adjacent to T2-hyperintense\/T1-contrast-enhancing signal alterations exhibited increased permeability (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036\u2013006) but showed no significant change in blood flow (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.270) compared to bone control areas. Lesions with bleeding showed higher vascular permeability and blood flow markers than lesions without bleeding (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004\u20130.006). Additionally, lesions with excessive edema and areas of bone loss exhibited significantly elevated permeability and blood flow parameters (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001\u20130.028).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Perfusion dental MRI for periodontal lesion assessment is feasible. Permeability\/perfusion parameters elevations are related to clinical signs of inflammation and CBCT-based bone loss, with the potential for detecting early inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Perfusion dental MRI effectively characterizes periodontal disease by detecting inflammation-related vascular changes beyond structural imaging on CBCT and conventional MR, offering potential for improved diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment evaluation. Longitudinal studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Perfusion dental MRI detects increased blood flow and vascular permeability in periodontal lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Increased permeability in adjacent bone suggests early inflammatory changes before structural loss.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Dental MRI perfusion metrics could aid early lesion detection and monitoring of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-025-00634-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1758725164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of inflammatory vascular responses in patients with severe periodontitis by contrast-enhanced perfusion dental MRI"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Arne","family":"Lauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artid","family":"Skenderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Juerchott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Sohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Ruetters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz Sebastian","family":"Schwindling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rammelsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Nittka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Heiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bendszus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hilgenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"634_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ebd.6401037","volume":"15","author":"D Richards","year":"2014","unstructured":"Richards D (2014) Review finds that severe periodontitis affects 11% of the world population. 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