{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:42:13Z","timestamp":1793691733450,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol Exp"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Cold ischemia during kidney transplantation induces ischemia-reperfusion injury with endothelial dysfunction, capillary leak, and impaired perfusion. Its duration critically determines graft outcome. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) enables noninvasive assessment of renal microcirculation and may indicate ischemic injury. We evaluated the impact of ischemia duration on DCE-MRI-derived perfusion parameters in renal transplants in mice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Procedures were approved by the local institutional animal care and use committee. A total of 15 C57BL\/6 mice underwent kidney transplantation and were assigned to a short or prolonged cold ischemia group. DCE-MRI was performed to assess renal perfusion. Imaging was conducted at a mean of 268\u2009\u00b1\u200930 days (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation) after transplantation. Perfusion parameters were calculated using the Patlak model, which provides the plasma volume fraction (v\n p<\/jats:sub>\n ), reflecting renal blood volume and perfusion, and the volume transfer constant (K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n ), characterizing the rate of contrast agent extravasation from capillaries into the extravascular extracellular space.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant differences were observed in the K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n parameter of transplanted kidneys between groups. The median K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n (mL\/100\u2009mL\/min) was significantly higher in the 16-h group (2.87, interquartile range 2.45\u20133.03)\n versus<\/jats:italic>\n the 30-min group (0.91, 0.90\u20131.42;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.008). Median v\n p<\/jats:sub>\n (mL\/100\u2009mL\/min) was non-significantly lower in the 16-h group (21.89, 17.28\u201323.22)\n versus<\/jats:italic>\n the 30-min group (29.02, 24.99\u201337.15;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.151).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Cold ischemia with 16-h duration was associated with significantly higher K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n values in kidney transplants, reflecting significantly increased vascular permeability. DCE-MRI provides a sensitive tool for detecting ischemia-induced microvascular dysfunction.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n Quantitative DCE-MRI detects microvascular injury after 16-h cold ischemia in kidney transplants in mice, supporting its potential as a noninvasive tool to assess graft integrity and guide interventions aimed at improving long-term transplant outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key Points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n The duration of ischemia critically affects endothelial integrity and perfusion characteristics in a mouse kidney transplant model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Prolonged 16-h ischemia leads to increased vascular permeability, indicating more severe endothelial and microcirculatory injury in transplanted kidneys.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n DCE-MRI enables sensitive detection of subtle ischemia-related microvascular alterations, supporting its value for noninvasive graft assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-025-00675-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:32:28Z","timestamp":1770208348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of ischemia duration on MRI-derived perfusion parameters in a mouse kidney transplant model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0835-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix L.","family":"Herr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kloiber-Langhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Erdelkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Walz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severin","family":"Jacobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Ricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens C.","family":"Cyran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Andrassy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lasorsa F, Rutigliano M, Milella M et al (2024) Ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25084332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084332"},{"key":"675_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105842","volume":"172","author":"GJ Dugbartey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dugbartey GJ, Juriasingani S, Zhang MY, Sener A (2021) H2S donor molecules against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury in preclinical models of solid organ transplantation. Pharmacol Res 172:105842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105842","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"675_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70051","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70051","volume":"38","author":"G Cojuc-Konigsberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cojuc-Konigsberg G, Rivera B, Canizares S, Pavlakis M, Eckhoff D, Chopra B (2024) Impact of cold ischemia time and donor age on donation after circulatory death kidney transplant outcomes: a UNOS mate-kidney analysis. Clin Transplant 38:e70051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.70051","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"675_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6642","volume":"16","author":"W Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang W, Zhao J, Cao F, Li S (2018) Regulatory effect of immunosuppressive agents in mice with renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 16:3584\u20133588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2018.6642","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"675_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1140","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00329.2001","volume":"282","author":"SV Brodsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brodsky SV, Yamamoto T, Tada T et al (2002) Endothelial dysfunction in ischemic acute renal failure: rescue by transplanted endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282:F1140\u2013F1149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00329.2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"675_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F191","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00042.2003","volume":"285","author":"TA Sutton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sutton TA, Mang HE, Campos SB, Sandoval RM, Yoder MC, Molitoris BA (2003) Injury of the renal microvascular endothelium alters barrier function after ischemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 285:F191\u2013F198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00042.2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"675_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.180","volume":"11","author":"HR Jang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jang HR, Rabb H (2015) Immune cells in experimental acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 11:88\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2014.180","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"675_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3231-2","volume":"31","author":"K Maringer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maringer K, Sims-Lucas S (2016) The multifaceted role of the renal microvasculature during acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 31:1231\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3231-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"675_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185116678272","volume":"58","author":"R Sade","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sade R, Kantarci M, Karaca L et al (2017) Value of dynamic MRI using the ktrans technique for assessment of native kidneys in pre-emptive renal transplantation. Acta Radiol 58:1005\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0284185116678272","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"675_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2013.10.010","volume":"94","author":"CA Cuenod","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cuenod CA, Balvay D (2013) Perfusion and vascular permeability: basic concepts and measurement in DCE-CT and DCE-MRI. Diagn Interv Imaging 94:1187\u20131204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diii.2013.10.010","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"675_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20943823","volume":"40","author":"N Percie du Sert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A et al (2020) The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 40:1769\u20131777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X20943823","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"675_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.018","volume":"125","author":"AK Heye","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heye AK, Thrippleton MJ, Armitage PA et al (2016) Tracer kinetic modelling for DCE-MRI quantification of subtle blood-brain barrier permeability. Neuroimage 125:446\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"675_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004535","volume":"130","author":"SJ Staffa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Staffa SJ, Zurakowski D (2020) Calculation of confidence intervals for differences in medians between groups and comparison of methods. Anesth Analg 130:542\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004535","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"675_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159741","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1159741","volume":"14","author":"Y Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren Y, Chen L, Yuan Y et al (2023) Evaluation of renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging and blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI in a rat model. Front Physiol 14:1159741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1159741","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"675_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.07.033","volume":"98","author":"L Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu L, Lai X, Wang JJ et al (2020) Kidney-intrinsic factors determine the severity of ischemia\/reperfusion injury in a mouse model of delayed graft function. Kidney Int 98:1489\u20131501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.07.033","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"675_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-023-00392-3","volume":"7","author":"Z Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu Z, Zhao X, Huang M et al (2023) Evaluation of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury using CEUS in mice. Eur Radiol Exp 7:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41747-023-00392-3","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"675_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.2.389","volume":"14","author":"JF Bugge","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bugge JF, Hartmann A, Osnes S, Bentdal O, Stenstrom J (1999) Immediate and early renal function after living donor transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14:389\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/14.2.389","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"675_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1671","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001671","volume":"10","author":"E Petrochenkov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petrochenkov E, Bencini G, Martinino A et al (2024) Analyzing the impact of CIT on the largest reported cohort of robotic kidney transplantation from the deceased donors. Transplant Direct 10:e1671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001671","journal-title":"Transplant Direct"},{"key":"675_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70166","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.70166","volume":"39","author":"G Dajti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dajti G, Vaccaro MC, Germinario G et al (2025) Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion in extended criteria donor kidney transplantation\u2014a randomized clinical trial. Clin Transplant 39:e70166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.70166","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"675_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2022.08.019","volume":"54","author":"T Fletchinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fletchinger T, Jensen HK, Wells A et al (2022) Impact of prolonged cold ischemia time on one year kidney transplant outcomes. Transplant Proc 54:2170\u20132173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transproceed.2022.08.019","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"675_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2025.14268","volume":"38","author":"SJ Tingle","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tingle SJ, Connelly C, Glover EK et al (2025) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound to assess kidney quality during ex situ normothermic machine perfusion. Transpl Int 38:14268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ti.2025.14268","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"675_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v5.i2.52","volume":"5","author":"M Salvadori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salvadori M, Rosso G, Bertoni E (2015) Update on ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation: pathogenesis and treatment. World J Transplant 5:52\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5500\/wjt.v5.i2.52","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"key":"675_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15612","volume":"20","author":"S Farouk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farouk S, Zhang Z, Menon MC (2020) Non-HLA donor-recipient mismatches in kidney transplantation\u2014a stone left unturned. Am J Transplant 20:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.15612","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"675_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.04.001","volume":"25","author":"ZJ Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang ZJ, Casiraghi F, Perkins GB, Baldwin WM 3rd, Fairchild RL (2025) Can mouse kidney transplant models inform mechanisms of injury and acceptance in clinical kidney transplantation? Am J Transplant 25:1391\u20131398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.04.001","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"675_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2023.10.016","volume":"24","author":"M Naesens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naesens M, Roufosse C, Haas M et al (2024) The Banff 2022 Kidney Meeting report: reappraisal of microvascular inflammation and the role of biopsy-based transcript diagnostics. Am J Transplant 24:338\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajt.2023.10.016","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"675_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016070756","volume":"28","author":"H Cardinal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cardinal H, Dieude M, Hebert MJ (2017) The emerging importance of non-HLA autoantibodies in kidney transplant complications. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:400\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016070756","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"675_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1134","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00158.2010","volume":"299","author":"MG Snoeijs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Snoeijs MG, Vink H, Voesten N et al (2010) Acute ischemic injury to the renal microvasculature in human kidney transplantation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299:F1134\u2013F1140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00158.2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"675_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.0590031142.x","volume":"59","author":"EA Kouwenhoven","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kouwenhoven EA, de Bruin RW, Bajema IM, Marquet RL, Ijzermans JN (2001) Cold ischemia augments allogeneic-mediated injury in rat kidney allografts. Kidney Int 59:1142\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.0590031142.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["European Radiology Experimental"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00675-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00675-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00675-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:32:29Z","timestamp":1770208349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00675-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41747-025-00675-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-9280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-9280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the government of Upper Bavaria (ROB-55.2-2532.Vet_02-20-186; date of approval: 12 April 2021) and carried out in accordance with the EU Directive 2010\/63 for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and was reported in compliance with ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All experiments were approved by local authorities (ROB-55.2-2532.Vet_02-20-186) and conducted in compliance with guidelines for the use of living animals in scientific research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"CCC is on the speaker\u2019s bureau for Brainlab AG and is on the advisory board of Siemens Healthineers. All other authors have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}