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However, both methods have their limitations,\n                      <jats:italic>e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., FNAB samples often remain inadequate, and CNB is more invasive. A novel device, ultrasound-enhanced fine-needle aspiration biopsy (USeFNAB), can collect samples with greater cellular content quantitatively without compromising tissue quality. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate USeFNAB for the first time in humans\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a pilot study without any deviation from the contemporary management of the salivary gland tumor. Ten adult patients with a solid benign parotid gland tumor diagnosed by FNAB or CNB. Before parotidectomy, the tumors were sampled under ultrasound guidance with three different needle sampling techniques: USeFNAB, FNAB, and CNB. The influence of USeFNAB on the quantity and quality of the samples was investigated and compared with FNAB and CNB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The quality of the cytological slides and histological tissue samples was similar in all samples obtained by USeFNAB, FNAB, and CNB. With USeFNAB, the mass increased on average by 1.6 and 3.4 times and the histological sample area by 1.7 and 3.4 times, as compared to FNAB and CNB, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of this study demonstrated that USeFNAB seems to be a feasible and safe biopsy technique under\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      conditions. In solid benign parotid gland tumors, USeFNAB increases sample yield as compared to conventional needle sampling methods, without affecting sample quality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>USeFNAB could improve the diagnostic accuracy of needle biopsies and facilitate ancillary techniques such as molecular diagnostic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Institutional permissions for the study were granted. The USeFNAB protocol went through risk analysis and mitigation for approval by the Finnish Medicine Agency (FIMEA) as an investigational device for research purposes (FIMEA\/2023001788).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>USeFNAB showed an improved sample yield in solid benign parotid gland tumors compared to FNAB and CNB, without affecting sample quality.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>USeFNAB seems to be a feasible and safe biopsy technique.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>USeFNAB is a promising tool for improving the diagnostic accuracy of needle biopsies.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-026-00707-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T10:25:00Z","timestamp":1775125500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-enhanced fine-needle aspiration biopsy improves yield of solid benign parotid gland tumor tissue: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3484-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mira","family":"Naukkarinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohann","family":"Le Bourlout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Rehell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jetta","family":"Kelppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristofer","family":"Nyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Rautava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6sta","family":"Ehnholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jouni","family":"Rantanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth P. 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The USeFNAB protocol went through risk analysis and mitigation for approval of the Finnish Medicine Agency (FIMEA) as an investigational device (FIMEA\/2023001788).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"After receiving oral and written descriptions of the study, all patients signed the informed consent form. All data were anonymized. The figures do not contain sensitive data and cannot be traced back to individual patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"HJN, YLB, JoRa, and KPHP have roles and stock ownership in Swan Cytologics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada. HJN and KPHP are inventors within the patent family WO2018000102A1. YLB, GE, and HJN are inventors within the patent family WO2020240084A1. YLB, JR, and GE are inventors within the patent family EP4101402A1. HJN, YLB, and KPHP are inventors in a USA patent application No. 63\/769,639. Other authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41"}}