{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:01:43Z","timestamp":1785492103304,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"RACOON","award":["01KX2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol Exp"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed and evaluated a deep learning (DL) model for image-based detection of acute pancreatitis (AP) on abdominal contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 552 patients from two university centers (January 2010\u2013January 2026) were included. The internal dataset comprised 207 patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed AP (499 scans) and 250 control patients with suspected AP (368 scans). An independent external validation cohort included 95 patients. Convolutional neural network\u2013based models were trained using monophasic and biphasic CECT data. The final model was evaluated on a 20% patient-level hold-out test set from the internal cohort and on the external cohort. Performance was assessed using the F1 score and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single-input multiphase model incorporating arterial and portal venous phase scans achieved the best performance, with ensembling applied for biphasic studies. On the internal hold-out test set (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009116), the model achieved an F1 score of 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.75\u20130.89) and an AUROC of 0.89 (0.82\u20130.95). Performance remained robust on external validation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200995), with an AUROC of 0.99 (0.96\u20131.00) and an F1 score of 0.92 (0.86\u20130.97).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DL enabled accurate CECT-based identification of AP in this retrospective multicenter cohort, with performance maintained in an independent external dataset. Prospective validation using broader and independently adjudicated clinical populations remains necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model showed promising performance for CECT-based acute pancreatitis detection but was not designed or tested as a triage system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Diagnostic uncertainty in acute pancreatitis often arises from nonspecific abdominal symptoms and inter-reader variability in CECT interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The DL model achieved high internal accuracy (AUROC 0.89) and maintained robust performance in an independent external validation cohort (AUROC 0.99).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-026-00775-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T09:56:36Z","timestamp":1785491796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep learning-based detection of acute pancreatitis on abdominal contrast-enhanced CT"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Oleksandra","family":"Seidel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Theis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Garajov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Wulff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilmann","family":"Emrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian A.","family":"Luetkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusch R.","family":"Hadizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alois M.","family":"Sprinkart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0331-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitrij","family":"Kravchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.09.043","volume":"162","author":"JP Iannuzzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iannuzzi JP, King JA, Leong JH et al (2022) Global incidence of acute pancreatitis is increasing over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the local Ethics Committees at the Medical Faculty of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn (no. 287\/23).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"DK: Consultant for Elucid Bioimaging; Honoraria for Seminars from Siemens Healthineers and Philips Healthcare. Given his role as a member of the Scientific Editorial Board for\n                      European Radiology Experimental\n                      (section: cardiovascular), DK had no involvement in the peer review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer review. JAL: Consultant for Bayer HealthCare AG. JAL reports a relationship with Philips GmbH, Siemens Healthineers AG, Novartis, and GE Healthcare that includes speaking and lecture fees. Given his role as a member of the Scientific Editorial Board for\n                      European Radiology Experimental\n                      (section: cardiovascular), JAL had no involvement in the peer review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer review. TE: Speaker for Siemens Healthineers; Consultant for Circle Cardiovascular Imaging. Given his role as a member of the Scientific Editorial Board of\n                      European Radiology Experimental\n                      (section editor: computed tomography), TE had no involvement in the peer review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"110"}}