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For equivocal cases, semi-quantification and comparison to reference values are a necessary addition to visual interpretation of <jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I-FP-CIT scans. To overcome the challenges of multi-center recruitment and scanning of healthy volunteers, we generated <jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I-FP-CIT reference values from individuals with various neurological conditions but without dopaminergic degeneration, scanned at a single center on the same SPECT-CT system following the same protocol, and compared them to references from a multi-center database built using healthy volunteers\u2019 data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From a cohort of 1884 patients, we identified 237 subjects (120 men, 117 women, age range 16\u201388\u2009years) through a two-stage selection process. Every patient had a final clinical diagnosis after a mean follow-up of 4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009years. Images were reconstructed using (1) Flash3D with scatter and CT-based attenuation corrections (AC) and (2) filtered back projection with Chang AC. Volume-of-interest analysis was performed using a commercial software to calculate specific binding ratios (SBRs), caudate-to-putamen ratios, and asymmetry values on different striatal regions. Generated reference values were assessed according to age and gender and compared with those from the ENC-DAT study, and their robustness was tested against a cohort of patients with different diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Age had a significant negative linear effect on all SBRs. Overall, the reduction rate per decade in SBR was between 3.80 and 5.70%. Women had greater SBRs than men, but this gender difference was only statistically significant for the Flash3D database. Linear regression was used to correct for age-dependency of SBRs and to allow comparisons to age-matched reference values and \u201cnormality\u201d limits. Generated regression parameters and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were comparable to corresponding European Normal Control Database of DaTscan (ENC-DAT) results. For example, 95% CI mean slope for the striatum in women is \u2212\u20090.015 ([\u2212\u20090.019, \u2212\u20090.011]) for the Flash3D database versus \u2212\u20090.015 ([\u2212\u20090.021, \u2212\u20090.009]) for ENC-DAT. Caudate-to-putamen ratios and asymmetries were not influenced by age or gender.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The generated <jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I-FP-CIT references values have similar age-related distribution, with no increase in variance due to comorbidities when compared to values from a multi-center study with healthy volunteers. This makes it possible for sites to build their <jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I-FP-CIT references from scans acquired during routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41824-020-0074-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:24:57Z","timestamp":1584059097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Single-site 123I-FP-CIT reference values from individuals with non-degenerative parkinsonism\u2014comparison with values from healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Rachid","family":"Fahmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Platsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Bani","family":"Sadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Gouttard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Thobois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Zuehlsdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7670-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Scheiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"74_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3304-2","volume":"43","author":"NL Albert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albert NL, Unterrainer M, Diemling M, Xiong G, Bartenstein P, Koch W, Varrone A, Dickson JC, Tossici-Bolt L, Sera T, Asenbaum S (2016) Implementation of the European multicentre database of healthy controls for [123 I] FP-CIT SPECT increases diagnostic accuracy in patients with clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndromes. 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