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Toll-like receptor 9 (\n                      <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) has pro-inflammatory roles and its genetic variants might be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.\u00a0\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred five BD patients and 207 age and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated for\n                      <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic>\n                      single nucleotide polymorphisms \u2212\u20091486 T\/C (rs187084) and +\u20092848:G\/A (rs352140) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Healthy individuals had a significantly higher frequency of rs187084 AG and AG\u2009+\u2009GG genotypes than BD patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018; respectively). Of interest, healthy males had a significantly higher frequency of rs187084 AG\u2009+\u2009GG genotype and G allele than male BD patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045; respectively). However, rs187084 AG genotype and G allele frequencies were significantly higher in male patients with genital aphthous (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046; respectively). Furthermore, a significantly higher frequency of rs352140 CT and TT\u2009+\u2009CT genotypes was detected in healthy individuals than in BD patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032; respectively). Such results were also seen in healthy females than female patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004; respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed a significantly higher frequency of A-C and G-C haplotypes among patients and healthy subjects, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000; respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggested that rs187084 AG and AG\u2009+\u2009GG genotypes and rs352140 CT and TT\u2009+\u2009CT genotypes protect Iranian individuals from BD\u00a0but rs187084 AG genotype and G allele predispose male BD individuals to genital aphthous. However, additional studies are required to verify these results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-024-00382-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T23:12:15Z","timestamp":1710371535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) genetic variants rs187084 and rs352140 confer protection from Behcet\u2019s disease among Iranians"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Tadayon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Abolhassan","family":"Shahzadeh Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Gholijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Daryabor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"382_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105593","volume":"167","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Carrio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrio J, Nucera V, Masala IF, Atzeni F. 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