{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:45:46Z","timestamp":1793907946265,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["20220919Y084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220919Y084"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2023ZR046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZR046"]}]},{"name":"Hangzhou bio-medicine and health industry development support science and technology project","award":["2023WJC243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023WJC243"]}]},{"name":"Exploration Project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","award":["Q24H270079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q24H270079"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Program","award":["2024KY1446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY1446"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Rheumatol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00570-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T11:37:56Z","timestamp":1759491476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rheumatoid arthritis continues to increase in low-middle SDI and low SDI quintiles based on GBD 1990\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Longhua","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangbing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengcong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huahui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2022.02.010","volume":"48","author":"JJ Cush","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cush JJ. Rheumatoid arthritis: early diagnosis and treatment. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2022;48:537\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2022.02.010.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459511","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1459511","volume":"15","author":"X Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen X, Liu X, Guo X, Hou X, Huang H, Feng Z. Systematic review of Janus kinases inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: methodology, reporting, and quality of evidence evaluation. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1459511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1459511.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2103726","volume":"388","author":"EM Gravallese","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gravallese EM, Firestein GS. Rheumatoid Arthritis - Common origins, divergent mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:529\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra2103726.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin YJ, Anzaghe M, Sch\u00fclke S. Update on the pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis. Cells. 2020;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9040880.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040880"},{"key":"570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-06927-2","volume":"43","author":"N \u00d6z","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6z N, Gezer HH, Cilli Hay\u0131ro\u011flu S, Duru\u00f6z MT. Evaluation of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as a tool for assessing disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2024;43:1461\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-024-06927-2.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920","volume":"78","author":"S Safiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D, Smith E, Bettampadi D, Mansournia MA, Almasi-Hashiani A, Ashrafi-Asgarabad A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Qorbani M, et al. Global, regional and National burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:1463\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204344","volume":"73","author":"DG Hoy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoy DG, Smith E, Cross M, Sanchez-Riera L, Buchbinder R, Blyth FM, Brooks P, Woolf AD, Osborne RH, Fransen M, et al. The global burden of musculoskeletal conditions for 2010: an overview of methods. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:982\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204344.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2665-9913(23)00211-4","author":"regional Global","year":"2023","unstructured":"Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5:e594-e610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2665-9913(23)00211-4."},{"key":"570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","author":"Global incidence","year":"2024","unstructured":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403:2133\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00757-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403:2100\u20132132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00367-2","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00367-2"},{"key":"570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403:2162\u20132203.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00933-4","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00933-4"},{"key":"570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24596","volume":"73","author":"L Fraenkel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, St Clair EW, Arayssi T, Carandang K, Deane KD, Genovese M, Huston KK, Kerr G, et al. 2021 American college of rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021;73:924\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.24596.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Global regional. and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392:1789\u20131858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12647","volume":"73","author":"PK Kimes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kimes PK, Liu Y, Hayes N, D., and, Marron JS. Statistical significance for hierarchical clustering. Biometrics. 2017;73:811\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/biom.12647.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1097\/js9.0000000000001071","volume":"110","author":"F Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang F, Ma B, Ma Q, Liu X. Global, regional, and National burden of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias: a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, deaths, and dalys with projections to 2030. Int J Surg. 2024;110:1951\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/js9.0000000000001071.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216243","volume":"79","author":"PH Hsieh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsieh PH, Wu O, Geue C, McIntosh E, McInnes IB, Siebert S. Economic burden of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of literature in biologic era. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:771\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216243.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10298-w","volume":"23","author":"CF Mendoza-Gutierrez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendoza-Gutierrez CF, Montiel-Ojeda D, Vargas-Chanes D, Cisneros-Gonz\u00e1lez N, Fern\u00e1ndez-G\u00e1rate JE, Godina-Ortiz B, Clark P. Health and economic impact associated with rheumatoid arthritis discharges: a cost analysis of a two-year cohort in Mexico. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23:1320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-023-10298-w.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"570_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taylor PC, Atzeni F, Balsa A, Gossec L, M\u00fcller-Ladner U, Pope J. The key comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2021;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10030509","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030509"},{"key":"570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.103051","volume":"80","author":"L Yuan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuan L, Tao J, Wang J, She W, Zou Y, Li R, Ma Y, Sun C, Bi S, Wei S, et al. Global, regional, National burden of asthma from 1990 to 2021, with projections of incidence to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021. EClinicalMedicine. 2025;80:103051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.103051.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223356","volume":"82","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Landew\u00e9 RBM, Bergstra SA, Kerschbaumer A, Sepriano A, Aletaha D, Caporali R, Edwards CJ, Hyrich KL, Pope JE, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82:3\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2022-223356.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"570_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roodenrijs NMT, Hamar A, Kedves M, Nagy G, van Laar JM, van der Heijde D, Welsing PMJ. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2021;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001512","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001512"},{"key":"570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42767","volume":"76","author":"P David","year":"2024","unstructured":"David P, Di Matteo A, Hen O, Dass S, Marzo-Ortega H, Wakefield RJ, Bissell LA, Nam J, Mankia K, Emery P, et al. Poly-Refractory rheumatoid arthritis: an uncommon subset of difficult to treat disease with distinct inflammatory and noninflammatory phenotypes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024;76:510\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42767.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2302868","volume":"388","author":"J Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang J, Li Q. Rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2302868.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14908","volume":"26","author":"M Sanjari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanjari M, Noorali S, Behnoush AH, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Fahimfar N, Azangou-Khyavy M, Yousefi S, Ebrahimi N, Yarmohammadi H, Rashidi MM, et al. The burden of rheumatoid arthritis and low back pain in North Africa and middle East from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Int J Rheum Dis. 2023;26:2170\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185x.14908.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"570_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22310-0","volume":"12","author":"SE Mousavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mousavi SE, Nejadghaderi SA, Khabbazi A, Alizadeh M, Sullman MJM, Kaufman JS, Collins GS, Safiri S. The burden of rheumatoid arthritis in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990\u20132019. Sci Rep. 2022;12:19297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-22310-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17194-4","volume":"7","author":"D Lan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lan D, Ji W, Lin B, Chen Y, Huang C, Xiong X, Fu M, Mipam TD, Ai Y, Zeng B, et al. Correlations between gut microbiota community structures of Tibetans and geography. Sci Rep. 2017;7:16982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-17194-4.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scher JU, Sczesnak A, Longman RS, Segata N, Ubeda C, Bielski C, Rostron T, Cerundolo V, Pamer EG, Abramson SB et al. Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis. Elife. 2013;2:e01202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.01202","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01202"},{"key":"570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00974-4","volume":"30","author":"EM Sabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabi EM, Singh A, Althafar ZM, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Alqahtani HM, Bungau S. Elucidating the role of hypoxia-inducible factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30:737\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-022-00974-4.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/162629","volume":"19","author":"W Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou W, Fang Y, Xu D, Zhu Y. Increasing global burden of rheumatoid arthritis: an epidemiological analysis from 1990 to 2019. Arch Med Sci. 2023;19:1037\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/162629.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010409","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.010409","volume":"5","author":"I Rudan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rudan I, Sidhu S, Papana A, Meng SJ, Xin-Wei Y, Wang W, Campbell-Page RM, Demaio AR, Nair H, Sridhar D, et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5:010409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.05.010409.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160966","volume":"44","author":"J Callhoff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Callhoff J, Luque Ramos A, Zink A, Hoffmann F, Albrecht K. The association of low income with functional status and disease burden in German patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a Cross-sectional questionnaire survey based on claims data. J Rheumatol. 2017;44:766\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.160966","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"570_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2015.27.172-175","volume":"27","author":"V Koko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koko V, Ndrepepa A, Skenderaj S. Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Southern Albania. Mater Sociomed. 2015;27:172\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/msm.2015.27.172-175.","journal-title":"Mater Sociomed"},{"key":"570_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9805","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.S490860","volume":"17","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Wang M, Wang T, Li X, Wen C, He Z, Huang L. High humidity alters Myeloid-Derived suppressor cells in spleen tissue: insights into rheumatoid arthritis progression. J Inflamm Res. 2024;17:9805\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jir.S490860.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"570_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.10.005","volume":"32","author":"D van der Woude","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Woude D, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors, and disease outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2018;32:174\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2018.10.005.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"570_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102392","volume":"110","author":"MAM van Delft","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Delft MAM, Huizinga TWJ. An overview of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun. 2020;110:102392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102392.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"570_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vi5","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes279","volume":"51","author":"J Kay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kay J, Upchurch KS. ACR\/EULAR 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(Suppl 6):vi5\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes279","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"}],"container-title":["BMC Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00570-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00570-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00570-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T11:37:57Z","timestamp":1759491477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcrheumatol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00570-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00570-3","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/s2665-9913(23)00211-4","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7036091\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2520-1026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2520-1026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"According to local regulations and institutional requirements, this study did not necessitate ethical review and approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"114"}}