{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T20:38:25Z","timestamp":1767645505472,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Medicine Project","award":["No. 20MC1920500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20MC1920500"]}]},{"name":"National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine high-Level Disciplines Construction Project","award":["No. ZYYZDXK-2023068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ZYYZDXK-2023068"]}]},{"name":"Three Year Action Plan for Shanghai to Further Accelerate the Inheritance, Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["No. 1-1-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 1-1-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Rheumatol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00600-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T16:14:33Z","timestamp":1764605673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systemic lupus erythematosus reduces survival of ICU patients mediated by renal dysfunction: retrospective study of critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hongjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxiong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30237-5","volume":"393","author":"L Durcan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Durcan L, O\u2019Dwyer T, Petri M. Management strategies and future directions for systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Lancet. 2019;393:2332\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40512","volume":"70","author":"EY Yen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yen EY, Singh RR. Brief report: lupus-an unrecognized leading cause of death in young females: a population-based study using nationwide death certificates, 2000\u20132015. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70:1251\u20135.","journal-title":"ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOL"},{"key":"600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315627202","volume":"25","author":"YH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee YH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Overall and cause-specific mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis. Lupus. 2016;25:727\u201334.","journal-title":"LUPUS"},{"key":"600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.02.004","volume":"112","author":"M Zen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zen M, Salmaso L, Barbiellini AC, et al. Mortality and causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus over the last decade: data from a large population-based study. Eur J Intern Med. 2023;112:45\u201351.","journal-title":"EUR J INTERN MED"},{"key":"600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01899-x","volume":"10","author":"A Johnson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johnson A, Bulgarelli L, Shen L, et al. Mimic-iv, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset. Sci Data. 2023;10:1.","journal-title":"SCI DATA"},{"key":"600_CR6","first-page":"E215","volume":"101","author":"AL Goldberger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldberger AL, Amaral LA, Glass L, et al. Physiobank, physiotoolkit, and physionet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation. 2000;101:E215\u201320.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"600_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"D Ho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho D, Imai K, King G, Stuart EA. Matchit: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference. J Stat Softw. 2011;42:1\u201328.","journal-title":"J STAT SOFTW"},{"key":"600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1198\/106186006X137047","volume":"15","author":"BB Hansen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hansen BB, Klopfer SO. Optimal full matching and related designs via network flows. J Comput Graph Stat. 2006;15:609\u201327.","journal-title":"J COMPUT GRAPH STAT"},{"key":"600_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in r. J Stat Softw. 2011;45:1\u201367.","journal-title":"J STAT SOFTW"},{"key":"600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00652-9","volume":"17","author":"Z Szekanecz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szekanecz Z, McInnes IB, Schett G, Szamosi S, Benk\u0151 S, Sz\u0171cs G. Autoinflammation and autoimmunity across rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021;17:585\u201395.","journal-title":"NAT REV RHEUMATOL"},{"key":"600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70120-6","volume":"13","author":"G Teasdale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teasdale G, Maas A, Lecky F, Manley G, Stocchetti N, Murray G. The Glasgow coma scale at 40 years: standing the test of time. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:844\u201354.","journal-title":"LANCET NEUROL"},{"key":"600_CR12","unstructured":"World HO. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. World Health Organization; 2011."},{"key":"600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.07.001","volume":"74","author":"A Velo-Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Velo-Garc\u00eda A, Castro SG, Isenberg DA. The diagnosis and management of the haematologic manifestations of lupus. J Autoimmun. 2016;74:139\u201360.","journal-title":"J AUTOIMMUN"},{"key":"600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.02.001","volume":"12","author":"K Newman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Newman K, Owlia MB, El-Hemaidi I, Akhtari M. Management of immune cytopenias in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - old and new. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12:784\u201391.","journal-title":"AUTOIMMUN REV"},{"key":"600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.036","volume":"59","author":"C Fagundes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fagundes C, Barreto R, Guevara M, et al. A modified acute kidney injury classification for diagnosis and risk stratification of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2013;59:474\u201381.","journal-title":"J HEPATOL"},{"key":"600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803053381007","volume":"338","author":"S Klahr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Klahr S, Miller SB. Acute oliguria. New Engl J Med. 1998;338:671\u20135.","journal-title":"NEW ENGL J MED"},{"key":"600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.20328","volume":"317","author":"EP Raith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raith EP, Udy AA, Bailey M, et al. Prognostic accuracy of the sofa score, Sirs criteria, and Qsofa score for in-hospital mortality among adults with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit. JAma-J Am Med Assoc. 2017;317:290\u2013300.","journal-title":"JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC"},{"key":"600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1972.10481279","volume":"67","author":"DF Bauer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bauer DF. Constructing confidence sets using rank statistics. J Am Stat Assoc. 1972;67:687\u201390.","journal-title":"J AM STAT ASSOC"},{"key":"600_CR19","first-page":"91","volume":"30","author":"WM Patefield","year":"1981","unstructured":"Patefield WM. Algorithm as 159: an efficient method of generating random r \u00d7 c tables with given row and column totals. J Royal Stat Soc Ser C (Applied Statistics). 1981;30:91\u20137.","journal-title":"J Royal Stat Soc Ser C (Applied Statistics)"},{"key":"600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8","volume-title":"Modeling survival data: extending the Cox model","author":"TM Therneau","year":"2000","unstructured":"Therneau TM, Grambsch PM. Modeling survival data: extending the Cox model. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2000."},{"key":"600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/69.3.553","volume":"69","author":"DP Harrington","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harrington DP, Fleming TR. A class of rank test procedures for censored survival data. Biometrika. 1982;69:553\u201366.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"600_CR22","first-page":"1100","volume":"10","author":"A P.K","year":"1982","unstructured":"Andersen PK, Gill RD. Cox\u2019s regression model for counting processes: a large sample study. Ann Stat. 1982;10:1100\u201320.","journal-title":"Annals Stat"},{"key":"600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2015.01.014","volume":"93","author":"KK Holst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holst KK, Scheike TH, Hjelmborg JB. The liability threshold model for censored twin data. Comput Stat Data An. 2016;93:324\u201335.","journal-title":"COMPUT STAT DATA AN"},{"key":"600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:1173\u201382.","journal-title":"J PERS SOC PSYCHOL"},{"key":"600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2012.02.005","volume":"80","author":"S Dadoun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dadoun S, Zeboulon-Ktorza N, Combescure C, et al. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis over the last Fifty years: systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2013;80:29\u201333.","journal-title":"JOINT BONE SPINE"},{"key":"600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152273","volume":"63","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Li X, Wang H, et al. All-cause and specific mortality in patients with gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheu. 2023;63:152273.","journal-title":"SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU"},{"key":"600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207688","volume":"75","author":"S Exarchou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Exarchou S, Lie E, Lindstr\u00f6m U, et al. Mortality in ankylosing spondylitis: results from a nationwide population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:1466\u201372.","journal-title":"ANN RHEUM DIS"},{"key":"600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.1309","volume":"82","author":"ME DeWane","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeWane ME, Waldman R, Lu J. Dermatomyositis: clinical features and pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82:267\u201381.","journal-title":"J AM ACAD DERMATOL"},{"key":"600_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30933-9","volume":"390","author":"CP Denton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Denton CP, Khanna D. Systemic sclerosis. Lancet. 2017;390:1685\u201399.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"600_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214819","volume":"78","author":"M Aringer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al. 2019 European league against rheumatism\/american college of rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:1151\u20139.","journal-title":"ANN RHEUM DIS"},{"key":"600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214502","volume":"78","author":"D Jesus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jesus D, Matos A, Henriques C, et al. Derivation and validation of the Sle disease activity score (sle-das): a new Sle continuous measure with high sensitivity for changes in disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:365\u201371.","journal-title":"ANN RHEUM DIS"},{"key":"600_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.3.217","volume":"59","author":"M Voulgarelis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Voulgarelis M, Kokori SI, Ioannidis JP, Tzioufas AG, Kyriaki D, Moutsopoulos HM. Anaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: aetiological profile and the role of erythropoietin. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59:217\u201322.","journal-title":"ANN RHEUM DIS"},{"key":"600_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24020","volume":"59","author":"S Dur\u00e1n","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dur\u00e1n S, Apte M, Alarc\u00f3n GS, et al. Features associated with, and the impact of, hemolytic anemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: lx, results from a multiethnic cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:1332\u201340.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem153","volume":"46","author":"AM Bertoli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bertoli AM, Vil\u00e1 LM, Apte M, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic Us cohort lumina li: anaemia as a predictor of disease activity and damage accrual. Rheumatology. 2007;46:1471\u20136.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb08919.x","volume":"89","author":"M Pujol","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pujol M, Ribera A, Vilardell M, Ordi J, Feliu E. High prevalence of platelet autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Brit J Haematol. 1995;89:137\u201341.","journal-title":"BRIT J HAEMATOL"},{"key":"600_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(91)90057-7","volume":"21","author":"M Pistiner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pistiner M, Wallace DJ, Nessim S, Metzger AL, Klinenberg JR. Lupus erythematosus in the 1980s: a survey of 570 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheu. 1991;21:55\u201364.","journal-title":"SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU"},{"key":"600_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330105","volume":"33","author":"JD Reveille","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reveille JD, Bartolucci A, Alarc\u00f3n GS. Prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rhuem. 1990;33:37\u201348.","journal-title":"Arthr Rhuem"},{"key":"600_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.009","volume":"45","author":"L Carli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carli L, Tani C, Vagnani S, Signorini V, Mosca M. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and clinical impact\u2013a systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheu. 2015;45:190\u20134.","journal-title":"SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU"},{"key":"600_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R109","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2764","volume":"11","author":"G Ruiz-Irastorza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruiz-Irastorza G, Olivares N, Ruiz-Arruza I, Martinez-Berriotxoa A, Egurbide MV, Aguirre C. Predictors of major infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R109.","journal-title":"ARTHRITIS RES THER"},{"key":"600_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306071919","volume":"15","author":"X Bosch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bosch X, Guilabert A, Pallar\u00e9s L, et al. Infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective and controlled study of 110 patients. Lupus. 2006;15:584\u20139.","journal-title":"LUPUS"},{"key":"600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013010026","volume":"24","author":"M Lech","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lech M, Anders HJ. The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24:1357\u201366.","journal-title":"J AM SOC NEPHROL"},{"key":"600_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0141-9","volume":"6","author":"HJ Anders","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anders HJ, Saxena R, Zhao MH, Parodis I, Salmon JE, Mohan C. Lupus nephritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6:7.","journal-title":"NAT REV DIS PRIMERS"},{"key":"600_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.10.017","volume":"76","author":"SV Parikh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parikh SV, Almaani S, Brodsky S, Rovin BH. Update on lupus nephritis: core curriculum 2020. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76:265\u201381.","journal-title":"AM J KIDNEY DIS"},{"key":"600_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03280807","volume":"3","author":"YE Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen YE, Korbet SM, Katz RS, Schwartz MM, Lewis EJ. Value of a complete or partial remission in severe lupus nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephro. 2008;3:46\u201353.","journal-title":"CLIN J AM SOC NEPHRO"},{"key":"600_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20666","volume":"50","author":"FA Houssiau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Houssiau FA, Vasconcelos C, D\u2019Cruz D, et al. Early response to immunosuppressive therapy predicts good renal outcome in lupus nephritis: lessons from long-term followup of patients in the euro-lupus nephritis trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3934\u201340.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308090029","volume":"17","author":"FA Houssiau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Houssiau FA, Ginzler EM. Current treatment of lupus nephritis. Lupus. 2008;17:426\u201330.","journal-title":"LUPUS"},{"key":"600_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000140218.77174.0A","volume":"15","author":"FA Houssiau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Houssiau FA. Management of lupus nephritis: an update. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:2694\u2013704.","journal-title":"J AM SOC NEPHROL"},{"key":"600_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224762","volume":"83","author":"A Fanouriakis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Andersen J, et al. Eular recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: 2023 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83:15\u201329.","journal-title":"ANN RHEUM DIS"},{"key":"600_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-216924","volume":"79","author":"A Fanouriakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Cheema K, et al. 2019 update of the joint European league against rheumatism and European renal association-european Dialysis and transplant association (eular\/era-edta) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:713\u201323.","journal-title":"ANN RHEUM DIS"}],"container-title":["BMC Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00600-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00600-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00600-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:02:45Z","timestamp":1767636165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00600-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00600-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2520-1026"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2520-1026"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Review and\/or approval by an ethics committee was not needed for this study because all data in this study were derived from public databases. Appropriate ethics approval has been provided at the publication of original articles. All methods were performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations and the relevant qualification certificate and Data Use Agreement have been obtained before data acquisition.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Patients and the public were not involved in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient and public involvement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2"}}