{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:20:00Z","timestamp":1792657200279,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CVIR Endovasc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical outcome of ultraselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with small-sized microcoils for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The subjects were 17 consecutive patients (mean age, 69\u2009years) with LGIB who were treated with ultraselective TAE using small-sized microcoils between December 2013 and December 2019. Ultraselective TAE was defined as embolization of one or both of the long or short branches of the vasa recta. The etiologies of bleeding were colonic diverticulosis in 16 patients (94%) and malignancy in one patient (6%). The bleeding foci were in the ascending colon in 11 patients (65%), transverse colon in 2 patients (12%), and sigmoid colon in 4 patients (23%). A total of 18 branches (diameter: range 0.5\u20131.5\u2009mm, mean 1.1\u2009mm) of the vasa recta in 17 patients were embolized with small-sized microcoils (size range 1\u20133\u2009mm, mean combined lengths of all microcoils 7.6\u2009cm). The mean follow-up period was 19\u2009months (range 1\u201380\u2009months). The technical and clinical success rate, recurrent bleeding rate, major complications and long-term clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Technical and clinical success was achieved in all patients (17\/17). The rates of early recurrent bleeding (within 30\u2009days of TAE) and major complications were 0% (0\/17). Recurrent bleeding occurred in one patient at 2\u2009months after TAE, but was stopped with conservative treatment. There were no other bleeding episodes or complications in the follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ultraselective TAE with small-sized microcoils is a highly effective and safe treatment modality for LGIB.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-021-00215-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T07:02:41Z","timestamp":1615273361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ultraselective transcatheter arterial embolization with small-sized microcoils for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Hitomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusei","family":"Zako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichiro","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Takaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Takechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryozo","family":"Shirono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Akagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Osaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.167","volume":"6","author":"J Barnert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barnert J, Messmann H (2009) Diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:637\u2013646","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"215_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-004-0301-4","volume":"29","author":"BJ d'Oth\u00e9e","year":"2006","unstructured":"d'Oth\u00e9e BJ, Surapaneni P, Rabkin D et al (2006) Microcoil embolization for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 29:49\u201358","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1703-4","volume":"40","author":"DK Filippiadis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filippiadis DK, Binkert C, Pellerin O et al (2017) Cirse quality assurance document and standards for classification of complications: the cirse classification system. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 40:1141\u20131146","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.177.4.1770829","volume":"177","author":"B Funaki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Funaki B, Kostelic JK, Lorenz J et al (2001) Superselective microcoil embolization of colonic hemorrhage. Am J Roentgenol 177:829\u2013836","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"215_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.07.018","volume":"22","author":"CC Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang CC, Lee CW, Hsiao JK et al (2011) N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolisation as the primary treatment of acute hemodynamically unstable lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. J Vasc Interv Radiol 22:1594\u20131599","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2013.09.012","volume":"25","author":"S Hur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hur S, Jae HJ, Lee M et al (2014) Safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolisation for lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a single-center experience with 112 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 25:10\u201319","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01199.x","volume":"216","author":"D Kachlik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kachlik D, Baca V, Stingl J (2010) The spatial arrangement of the human large intestinal wall blood circulation. J Anat 216:335\u2013343","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"215_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.12.1220","volume":"28","author":"PH Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim PH, Tsauo J, Shin JH et al (2017) Transcatheter arterial embolization of gastrointestinal bleeding with n-butyl cyanoacrylate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and efficacy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 28:522\u2013531","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.01.140","volume":"27","author":"M Kodani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kodani M, Yata S, Ohuchi Y et al (2016) Safety and risk of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization for acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage with n-butyl cyanoacrylate: angiographic and colonoscopic evaluation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 27:824\u2013830","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7295","volume":"198","author":"M Koganemaru","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koganemaru M, Abe T, Iwamoto R et al (2012) Ultraselective arterial embolization of vasa recta using 1.7-French microcatheter with small-sized detachable coils in acute colonic hemorrhage after failed endoscopic treatment. Am J Roentgenol 198:370\u2013372","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"215_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000099780.23569.E6","volume":"14","author":"WT Kuo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuo WT, Lee DE, Saad WE et al (2003) Superselective microcoil embolization for the treatment of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. J Vasc Interv Radiol 14:1503\u20131509","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5587-8","volume":"29","author":"JH Kwon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwon JH, Kim M-D, Han K et al (2019) Transcatheter arterial embolization for acute lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a single-centre study. Eur J Radiol 29:57\u201367","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2019.05.013","volume":"31","author":"S Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park S, Kim Y, Shin JH et al (2020) Outcome of rectal arterial embolization for rectal bleeding in 34 patients: a single-center retrospective study over 20 years. J Vasc Interv Radiol 31:576\u2013583","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3109\/13645706.2014.951656","volume":"24","author":"M Shimohira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimohira M, Hashizume T, Ohta K et al (2015) Triaxial transarterial embolization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective case series. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 24:119\u2013122","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol"},{"key":"215_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-1069-2","volume":"14","author":"KK Tan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tan KK, Nallathamby V, Wong D et al (2010) Can superselective embolization be definitive for colonic diverticular hemorrhage? An institution\u2019s experience over 9 years. J Gastrointest Surg 14:112\u2013118","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"215_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2013.14.2.259","volume":"14","author":"HC Teng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teng HC, Liang HL, Lin YH et al (2013) The efficacy and long-term outcome of microcoil embolotherapy for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Korean J Radiol 14:259\u2013268","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1085930","volume":"25","author":"S Vaidya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaidya S, Tozer KR, Chen J (2008) An overview of embolic agents. Semin Interv Radiol 25:204\u2013215","journal-title":"Semin Interv Radiol"},{"key":"215_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.11.024","volume":"24","author":"S Yata","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yata S, Ihaya T, Kaminou T et al (2013) Transcatheter arterial embolization of acute arterial bleeding in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. J Vasc Interv Radiol 24:422\u2013431","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"}],"container-title":["CVIR Endovascular"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00215-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00215-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00215-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T07:04:02Z","timestamp":1615273442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/CVIRendovasc.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00215-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00215-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2520-8934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2520-8934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective, two-center study was approved by the institutional review board of our facility (Tokushima Red Cross Hospital and Teikyo University Hospital). Written informed consent for the individual patient data used in our analysis as waived because of the retrospective nature of the investigation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained in the form of opt-out on the web-site according to the indication from our institutional review board.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28"}}