{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:03:28Z","timestamp":1781712208904,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CVIR Endovasc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein has rarely been reported. Its associated hypovolemic shock-related symptoms and signs, including syncope and hypotension, have been observed in most of these cases. Successful transcatheter venous embolization for massive bleeding due to spontaneous rupture of the external iliac vein was herein reported.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An 82-year-old female patient developed sudden left lower abdominal and back pain. Immediately, she lost consciousness and went into shock. CT images of her abdomen revealed a huge retroperitoneal hematoma, with leakage of contrast medium in the hematoma in the left flank. These findings suggested left external iliac vein rupture.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Open surgery was considered; however, since the patient\u2019s condition may have deteriorated further due to the time needed to prepare for surgery, including general anesthesia, transcatheter venous embolization of the left iliac vein was selected. A 5.2-Fr compliant balloon catheter (nominal diameter of 10\u2009mm) was inflated at the distal site of the external iliac vein to reduce extravasation. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was mixed with Lipiodol at a ratio of 1:2. The left Iliac vein was filled and completely embolized with the NBCA\/Lipiodol mixture (total injected volume, 5\u2009mL) using a 1.8-Fr microcatheter. After embolization, the patient quickly. An inferior vena cava filter was placed 1 day after embolization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein is a very rare and lethal condition. Transcatheter venous embolization may control potentially life-threatening bleeding. Rapid bleeding control in a critical condition is facilitated by this minimally invasive approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-021-00219-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T07:03:11Z","timestamp":1617260591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Embolization for massive bleeding due to spontaneous left external iliac vein rupture: report of a successful case"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Eijun","family":"Sueyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Uetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"219_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2011.08.025","volume":"26","author":"MK Adams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adams MK, Anaya-Ayala JE, Davies MG et al (2012) Endovascular management of iliac vein rupture during percutaneous interventions for occlusive lesions. Ann Vasc Surg 26:575.e5\u2013575.e9","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"219_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574417739090","volume":"52","author":"YC Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen YC, Huang CL, Huang JW (2018) Endovascular stent can be the treatment of choice for spontaneous iliac vein rupture: a case report. Vasc Endovasc Surg 52(2):131\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1538574417739090","journal-title":"Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"219_CR3","first-page":"473","volume":"41","author":"IE DePass","year":"1998","unstructured":"DePass IE (1998) Spontaneous common iliac vein rupture: a case report. Can J Surg 41:473\u2013475","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"219_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.121569","volume":"35","author":"S Jazayeri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jazayeri S, Tatou E, Cheynel N, Becker F, Brenot R, David M (2002) A spontaneous rupture of the external iliac vein revealed as a phlegmasia cerulea dolens with acute lower limb ischemia: case report and review of the literature. J Vasc Surg 35(5):999\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mva.2002.121569","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"219_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.06.102","volume":"52","author":"J Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang J, Ding X, Zhang G, Su Q, Wang Z, Hu S (2010) Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma associated with iliac vein rupture. J Vasc Surg 52(5):1278\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.06.102","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"219_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.4174\/jkss.2011.81.Suppl1.S82","volume":"81","author":"IH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim IH, Chon GR, Jo YS, Park SB, Han SD (2011) Spontaneous left external iliac vein rupture. J Korean Surg Soc 81(Suppl 1):S82\u2013S84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4174\/jkss.2011.81.Suppl1.S82","journal-title":"J Korean Surg Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"219_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2004.45.1.174","volume":"45","author":"TW Kwon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kwon TW, Yang SM, Kim DK, Kim GE (2004) Spontaneous rupture of the left external iliac vein. Yonsei Med J 45(1):174\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2004.45.1.174","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"219_CR8","first-page":"611","volume":"161","author":"G Plate","year":"1995","unstructured":"Plate G, Qvarfordt P (1995) Idiopathic ruptureof the iliac vein: case report. Eur J Surg 161(8):611\u2013612","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"}],"container-title":["CVIR Endovascular"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00219-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00219-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00219-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T17:06:21Z","timestamp":1617296781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/CVIRendovasc.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00219-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00219-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2520-8934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2520-8934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board of Nagasaki University Hospital approved the publication of this case report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this case report and any accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"33"}}