{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:25:28Z","timestamp":1783999528537,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CVIR Endovasc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mediastinal and abdominal lymphatic malformations may not be diagnosed until adulthood. Radiologic and pathologic diagnosis is often challenging due to the rarity of the lesion. Surgical excision of these lesions may be curative but lymphatic leak is a known complication. Lymphatic duct embolization may then be required to treat the leak.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We describe a patient with post-surgical chylothorax where thoracic duct lymphangiography and embolization was performed by catheterizing the thoracic duct at the venous angle where it drains into the subclavian vein.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lymphatic duct embolization can be challenging in patients with lymphatic malformations. In these patients, if there is adequate visualization on ultrasound or fluoroscopy, terminal aspect of the thoracic duct can be accessed through the subclavian vein to perform the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-021-00260-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T21:51:25Z","timestamp":1633902685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trans-cervical thoracic duct embolization for post-surgical left Chylothorax in a patient with multifocal lymphatic malformations"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Karan","family":"Gulaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pouya","family":"Entezari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riad","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsun","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"260_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61956-3","volume":"13","author":"C Cope","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cope C, Kaiser LR (2002) Management of unremitting chylothorax by percutaneous embolization and blockage of retroperitoneal lymphatic vessels in 42 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 13(11):1139\u20131148","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17008","volume":"208","author":"ML Francavilla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Francavilla ML, White CL, Oliveri B, Lee EY, Restrepo R (2017) Intraabdominal Lymphatic Malformations: Pearls and Pitfalls of Diagnosis and Differential Diagnoses in Pediatric Patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 208(3):637\u2013649","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"12","key":"260_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.06.030","volume":"27","author":"CJ Guevara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guevara CJ, Rialon KL, Ramaswamy RS, Kim SK, Darcy MD (2016) US-Guided, Direct Puncture Retrograde Thoracic Duct Access, Lymphangiography, and Embolization: Feasibility and Efficacy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 27(12):1890\u20131896","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"260_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1280676","volume":"28","author":"M Itkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Itkin M, Chen EH (2011) Thoracic duct embolization. Semin Intervent Radiol 28(2):261\u2013266","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"260_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.11.025","volume":"139","author":"M Itkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Itkin M, Kucharczuk JC, Kwak A, Trerotola SO, Kaiser LR (2009) Nonoperative thoracic duct embolization for traumatic thoracic duct leak: Experience in 109 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 139:584\u2013590","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2016.04.004","volume":"37","author":"M Itkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Itkin M, McCormack FX (2016) Nonmalignant Adult Thoracic Lymphatic Disorders. Clin Chest Med 37(3):409\u2013420","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1814-y","volume":"41","author":"S Kariya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kariya S, Nakatani M, Ueno Y et al (2018) Transvenous Retrograde Thoracic Ductography: Initial Experience with 13 Consecutive Cases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 41(3):406\u2013414","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"}],"container-title":["CVIR Endovascular"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00260-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00260-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00260-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T22:05:30Z","timestamp":1633903530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/CVIRendovasc.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00260-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42155-021-00260-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2520-8934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2520-8934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"According to the authors institution, IRB approval was not required for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"73"}}