{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:02:26Z","timestamp":1787965346157,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CVIR Endovasc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cyanoacrylate glues are widely used in interventional radiology as effective embolic agents due to their rapid polymerization and ability to achieve vessel occlusion. Nonetheless, concern remains regarding cast stability and potential recanalization over time. This study used multiple modalities to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of Glubran\u00ae2 glue (methacryloxysulfolane and N butyl cyanoacrylate) embolisation in a rabbit renal-artery model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The left renal arteries of six rabbits were embolized with 12.5% or 25% Glubran\u00ae2. In-vivo micro-CT scans were performed immediately after embolisation (M0) and ex-vivo scans and a histological assessment were done at one month (M1). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done at M1 to assess arterial occlusion and parenchymal changes. Quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters reflecting glue distribution, cast integrity, and tissue response were analysed. Statistical comparisons used non-parametric tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All six embolisations were completed without complications. Micro-CT at M1 revealed significant cast resorption and fragmentation with both concentrations, but with no evidence of arterial recanalization. MRI and histology confirmed the persistent vascular occlusion with chronic ischemic changes in the renal parenchyma. Compensatory neovascularization from the renal capsule was observed, with no significant differences in histological inflammation between the two concentrations. Glue casts remained within the arterial lumens and were often surrounded by granulomatous inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glubran\u00ae2 was effective for renal artery embolisation, even at a low concentration of 12.5%: despite partial cast resorption, the arteries remained occluded. Micro-CT proved to be a powerful tool for assessing changes in glue casts. Longer-term studies are warranted to further assess vascular remodelling and occlusion durability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-025-00549-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T02:09:29Z","timestamp":1745287769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Micro-CT and histological assessment of renal arterial embolization with Glubran\u00ae2 cyanoacrylate: a medium-term follow-up study in a rabbit model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3107-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romaric","family":"Loffroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Guillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Chevallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Couloumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Dencausse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Catoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Virginie","family":"Salsac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge Ludwig","family":"Aho-Glele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Olivier","family":"Comby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"549_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121634","volume":"287","author":"G Ko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ko G, Choi JW, Lee N, Kim D, Hyeon T, Kim HC. Recent progress in liquid embolic agents. Biomaterials. 2022;287:121634.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"549_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194320","volume":"10","author":"PO Comby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Comby PO, Guillen K, Chevallier O, et al. Endovascular use of cyanoacrylate-lipiodol mixture for peripheral embolization: Properties, techniques, pitfalls, and applications. J Clin Med. 2021;10:4320.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"549_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61568-1","volume":"12","author":"JS Pollak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pollak JS, White RI. The use of cyanoacrylate adhesives in peripheral embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001;12:907\u201313.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"549_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1148\/125.3.677","volume":"125","author":"RI White","year":"1977","unstructured":"White RI, Strandberg JV, Gross GS, Barth KH. Therapeutic embolization with long-term occluding agents and their effects on embolized tissues. Radiology. 1977;125:677\u201387.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"549_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00339559","volume":"27","author":"HV Vinters","year":"1985","unstructured":"Vinters HV, Galil KA, Lundie MJ, Kaufmann JC. The histotoxicity of cyanoacrylates A selective review. Neuroradiology. 1985;27:279\u201391.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"549_CR6","first-page":"95","volume":"30","author":"O Levrier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levrier O, Mekkaoui C, Rolland PH, et al. Efficacy and low vascular toxicity of embolization with radical versus anionic polymerization of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). An experimental study in the swine. J Neuroradiol. 2003;30:95\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"549_CR7","first-page":"777","volume":"10","author":"MF Brothers","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brothers MF, Kaufmann JC, Fox AJ, Deveikis JP. N-Butyl 2-cyanoacrylate\u2013substitute for IBCA in interventional neuroradiology: Histopathologic and polymerization time studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1989;10:777\u201386.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"549_CR8","first-page":"135","volume":"10","author":"VR Rao","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rao VR, Mandalam KR, Gupta AK, Kumar S, Joseph S. Dissolution of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate on long-term follow-up. 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Morphometric and histological examinations of dog kidneys after embolization of the renal artery with the cyanoacrylic glue \u201cChirurcoll-Polfa.\u201d Int Urol Nephrol. 1985;17:303\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"549_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2023.12.006","volume":"105","author":"R Loffroy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loffroy R, Quirantes A, Guillen K, et al. Prostate artery embolization using n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: A six-month outcome analysis in 103 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2024;105:129\u201336.","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"549_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200011000-00037","volume":"47","author":"A Sadato","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sadato A, Wakhloo AK, Hopkins LN. Effects of a mixture of a low concentration of n- butylcyanoacrylate and ethiodol on tissue reactions and the permanence of arterial occlusion after embolization. Neurosurgery. 2000;47:1197\u2013203.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"549_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00163-0","volume":"22","author":"L Montanaro","year":"2001","unstructured":"Montanaro L, Arciola CR, Cenni E, et al. Cytotoxicity, blood compatibility and antimicrobial activity of two cyanoacrylate glues for surgical use. Biomaterials. 2001;22:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"549_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355519856756","volume":"35","author":"K Parsi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parsi K, Kang M, Yang A, Kossard S. Granuloma formation following cyanoacrylate glue injection in peripheral veins and arteriovenous malformation. 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The animals were housed and studied in a laboratory accredited by the French Ministry of Health for research on animal models. Requirements set forth in the 2019 updated version of the European Directive 2010\/63\/EU for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes were followed. Consent does not apply to this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The experiments were performed at the R&D Department of the Guerbet Corporation. The rabbits and Lipiodol\u00ae Ultra Fluid were founded by Guerbet (Villepinte, France). Guerbet had no role in data collection, analysis, or interpretation, manuscript drafting or revision. EC, AD, PR, SC are employees of Guerbet. RL serves as a consultant for Guerbet and GEM Srl. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"33"}}