{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:44:37Z","timestamp":1787021077654,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cannabis Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pesticide testing for hemp has traditionally focused on techniques like QuEChERS with dSPE and SPE which demand time-consuming sample preparation, typically resulting in poor recovery rates for some pesticides, and requires the use of both LC-MS\/MS and GC-MS\/MS based instruments to cover the analysis for all regulated pesticides. In this study, we describe a streamlined approach for working with LC-MS\/MS featuring a dual electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources using solvent extraction for faster and easier sample preparation and with 80\u2013120% recovery for the analysis of all of 66 pesticides (regulated by California state in cannabis) with low detection limits in hemp.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A simple solvent extraction with acetonitrile was used to extract pesticides from hemp. A LC-MS\/MS system with dual ESI and APCI source was used to determine sensitivity for the analysis of 66 pesticides in hemp matrix, 62 pesticides were analyzed using an 18-min LC-MS\/MS method with an ESI source and the other 4 pesticides were measured using a 6-min LC-MS\/MS method with an APCI source.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of all 66 pesticides in hemp was in the range of 0.0025\u20130.1 \u03bcg\/g which was well below the California state action limits of these analytes in cannabis products. A simple, fast, and cost-effective solvent extraction method was used for sample preparation to get good recovery in the range of 80\u2013120% with RSD less than 20%. The unique ionization mechanism of chlorinated pesticides such as pentachloronitrobenzene using the LC-MS\/MS system with an APCI source was elucidated. The proficiency test report generated with the LC-MS\/MS method showed acceptable results for all of 66 pesticides in hemp with all of th\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      scores less than 2 with no false positives and negatives. The stability data collected over 5 days showed RSD less than 20% for 66 pesticides in hemp, and this demonstrated the robustness of the LC-MS\/MS system used in this work.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A LC-MS\/MS method with dual ESI and APCI sources was developed for the analysis of 66 pesticides in hemp. The recovery of all pesticides from a hemp matrix was in the acceptable range of 80\u2013120% with RSD less than 20%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-021-00106-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T08:03:36Z","timestamp":1639382616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A LC-MS\/MS method with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source for analysis of pesticides in hemp"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4053-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avinash","family":"Dalmia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erasmus","family":"Cudjoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.20091","volume":"25","author":"L Alder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alder L, Greulich K, Kempe G, Vieth B. 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Consent to publication was agreed upon by PerkinElmer.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PerkinElmer develops instruments and methods for the analysis of cannabis products. PerkinElmer supports the publication of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}