{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:17:03Z","timestamp":1792120623036,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA049219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA049219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Discretionary funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cannabis Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Department of Health and Human Services recently recommended rescheduling cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, which might have broad effects on public health outcomes related to cannabis. In this changing environment, understanding national patterns in how people obtain information about cannabis is critical to informing public health outreach and education.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We surveyed American adults (\u2265\u200918 years) between June 22nd-26th, 2023 using the AmeriSpeak panel. We assessed past year cannabis use, intentions for cannabis use, and where participants got their information about cannabis. We investigated differences by past year use and explored associations between demographic and cannabis use characteristics with information sources using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,161) were 48.3\u00b127.3 years of age (mean\u00b1standard deviation), 51% female, and 27% reported past year cannabis use. The most common information sources used were friends\/family (35.6%) and websites (33.7%), while the least common information sources were health\/medical care providers (9.3%), employees at place of purchase (8.6%), and government agencies (4.7%). Past year cannabis use was positively associated with all information sources except government agencies and popular media articles. A higher proportion of those using cannabis medically (with or without recreational use) obtained information from a healthcare provider (16.4% vs. 5.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As cannabis accessibility increases and legality continues changing, there is a strong need for better clinician education, improved public health outreach, and improved communication between patients and clinicians about cannabis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-024-00249-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T12:02:29Z","timestamp":1727784149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cannabis-related information sources among US residents: A probability-weighted nationally representative survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kevin F.","family":"Boehnke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristin","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianne R.","family":"Wilson-Poe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"249_CR1","unstructured":"National Conference of State Legislatures. State Medical Cannabis Laws: National Conference of State Legislatures; 2024 [ https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/health\/state-medical-cannabis-laws"},{"key":"249_CR2","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Agency. The Controlled Substances Act 2018 [ https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/drug-information\/csa"},{"key":"249_CR3","unstructured":"Bose S, Roy M. US health officials look to move marijuana to lower-risk drug category: Reuters; 2023 [ https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/healthcare-pharmaceuticals\/hhs-official-calls-move-marijuana-lower-risk-drug-category-bloomberg-news-2023-08-30\/"},{"issue":"9","key":"249_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11592","volume":"5","author":"KF Boehnke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boehnke KF, Martel MO, Smith T, He Y, Bergmans RS, Kruger DJ, et al. Medicinal Cannabis Use for Rheumatic conditions in the US Versus Canada: Rationale for Use and patient-health care provider interactions. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2023;5(9):443\u201353.","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"249_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.06.007","volume":"23","author":"KF Boehnke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boehnke KF, Gagnier JJ, Matallana L, Williams DA. Cannabidiol Product Dosing and decision-making in a National Survey of individuals with Fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2022;23(1):45\u201354.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"249_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0810","volume":"169","author":"S Keyhani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keyhani S, Steigerwald S, Ishida J, Vali M, Cerda M, Hasin D, et al. Risks and benefits of Marijuana Use: A National Survey of U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(5):282\u201390.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"249_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119899218","volume":"34","author":"DJ Kruger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kruger DJ, Kruger JS, Collins RL. Cannabis enthusiasts\u2019 knowledge of medical treatment effectiveness and increased risks from cannabis use. Am J Health Promotion. 2020;34(4):436\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Health Promotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"249_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-021-00058-0","volume":"3","author":"KF Boehnke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boehnke KF, Litinas E, Worthing B, Conine L, Kruger DJ. Communication between healthcare providers and medical cannabis patients regarding referral and medication substitution. J Cannabis Res. 2021;3(1):2.","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"249_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05335-6","volume":"35","author":"JH Ishida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ishida JH, Zhang AJ, Steigerwald S, Cohen BE, Vali M, Keyhani S. Sources of information and beliefs about the Health effects of Marijuana. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(1):153\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"249_CR10","unstructured":"NORC Amerispeak. TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE AMERISPEAK\u00ae PANEL NORC\u2019S PROBABILITY-BASED HOUSEHOLD PANEL. 2022. https:\/\/amerispeak.norc.org\/content\/dam\/amerispeak\/research\/pdf\/AmeriSpeak%20Technical%20Overview%202019%2002%2018.pdf."},{"key":"249_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruger DJ, Enghoff O, Herberholz M, Barron J, Boehnke KF. How do I learn more about this? Utilization and trust of psychedelic information sources among people naturalistically using psychedelics. J Psychoact Drugs.\u00a02023;55(5):631\u20139.","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2023.2201263"},{"issue":"1","key":"249_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2021.0124","volume":"8","author":"DJ Kruger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kruger DJ, Kruger JS. Consumer experiences with Delta-8-THC: Medical Use, Pharmaceutical Substitution, and comparisons with Delta-9-THC. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023;8(1):166\u201373.","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"key":"249_CR13","unstructured":"Schaeffer K. 7 facts about Americans and marijuana 2023 [ https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2023\/04\/13\/facts-about-marijuana\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"249_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-2972","volume":"170","author":"KF Boehnke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boehnke KF, Clauw DJ. Brief commentary: cannabinoid dosing for chronic Pain Management. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(2):118.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"249_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1512","volume":"175","author":"KF Boehnke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boehnke KF, Clauw DJ. Cannabinoids for Chronic Pain: translating systematic review findings into clinical action. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(8):1191\u20132.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"249_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005904","volume":"138","author":"KF Boehnke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boehnke KF, Wu CL, Clauw DJ. Thoughtfully integrating Cannabis products into Chronic Pain Treatment. Anesth Analg. 2024;138(1):5\u201315.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"249_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bear D, Hosker-Field A, Westall K, D\u2019Alessio H, Cresswell M. Harm reduction isn\u2019t enough: Introducing the concept of Mindful Consumption and Benefit Maximization (MCBM). Int J Drug Policy. 2024:104514.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104514"},{"issue":"1","key":"249_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01559-w","volume":"22","author":"ST Ronne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ronne ST, Rosenbaek F, Pedersen LB, Waldorff FB, Nielsen JB, Riisgaard H, et al. Physicians\u2019 experiences, attitudes, and beliefs towards medical cannabis: a systematic literature review. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):212.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"249_CR19","volume-title":"Physicians' Attitudes and Practices Regarding Cannabis and Recommending Medical Cannabis Use","author":"DJ Kruger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kruger DJ, Gerlach J, Kruger JS, Mokbel MA, Clauw DJ, Boehnke KF. Physicians\u2019 Attitudes and Practices Regarding Cannabis and Recommending Medical Cannabis Use. 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Participants consented per the NORC IRB.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors approve of this manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"KFB has received grant funding from Tryp Therapeutics for a clinical trial of psilocybin-assisted therapy and sits on a data safety and monitoring board for an ongoing clinical trial with Vireo Health (unpaid). He has received grant funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. He has also received granting funding from the State of Michigan Veteran Marijuana Research Program. KFB has received speaking fees for lectures from the Medical Cannabis Research Advocacy Alliance, Providence Holy Cross Medical Center, the University of Michigan Retirees Association, and the Michigan Center of Clinical Systems Improvement. ARWP has received grant funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. She has also received consulting fees from Vectura Fertin Pharma. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"38"}}