{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T10:10:57Z","timestamp":1767175857243,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cannabis Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several studies have suggested a positive effect of occasional cannabis consumption on the frequency of leisure-time physical activity, possibly due to more motivation before, more enjoyment during, and better recovery after engaging in leisure-time physical exercise. While such an effect would contradict the stereotypical image of lower physical activity levels in cannabis users as compared to non-users, evidence has been mixed at best. The current study investigated this proposed association in a representative sample of the Belgian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from four waves of the Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS; repeated cross-sectional survey; 2001 \u2013 2018) were used in a regression and propensity matching analysis to examine the association between past-month cannabis use and physical activity levels, while controlling for potentially confounding variables. A total of\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919,936 individuals (48.9% female) aged 15\u201364\u00a0years were included in the analysis. We modelled physical activity in function of past-month cannabis use while adjusting for potential confounders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the regression analysis and the propensity-matching analysis revealed no evidence in favor of a positive effect of past-month cannabis use on physical activity level (estimated OR\u2009=\u20090.97, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.74, 1.28] and estimated RR\u2009=\u20090.90, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.70; 1.16] respectively). Descriptive analyses of baseline characteristics suggested some clear differences between users and non-users that were in line with previous studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no evidence suggesting that past-month cannabis users have better or worse physical activity levels compared to non-users in the Belgian population aged 15\u201364\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-025-00278-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:06:44Z","timestamp":1745554004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cannabis use is not associated with altered levels of physical activity: evidence from the repeated cross-sectional Belgian Health Interview Survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-2666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent","family":"Vernaillen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2867-6892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brecht","family":"Devleesschauwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4207-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stijn","family":"Vansteelandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0802-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Gisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9367-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Drieskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3776-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Damian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7629","key":"278_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20153","volume":"539","author":"MA Bloomfield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bloomfield MA, Ashok AH, Volkow ND, Howes OD. 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