{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:28:02Z","timestamp":1773743282491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spondyloarthritis is a group of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases characterized by axial and\/or peripheral joints inflammation, as well as extra-articular manifestations. The classification axial spondyloarthritis is adopted when the spine and\/or the sacroiliac joints are predominantly involved. This version of recommendations replaces the previous guidelines published in May 2013.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A systematic literature review was performed, and two hundred thirty-seven studies were selected and used to formulate 29 recommendations answering 15 clinical questions, which were divided into four sections: diagnosis, non-pharmacological therapy, conventional drug therapy and biological therapy. For each recommendation the level of evidence supporting (highest available), the strength grade according to Oxford, and the degree of expert agreement (inter-rater reliability) is informed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These guidelines bring evidence-based information on clinical management of axial SpA patients, including, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-020-0116-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]],"date-time":"2020-03-14T11:03:20Z","timestamp":1584183800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Brazilian Society of Rheumatology guidelines for axial spondyloarthritis \u2013 2019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6566-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Gomes","family":"Resende","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo de Souza","family":"Meirelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Diniz Lopes","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Chiereghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre Marun","family":"Lyrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Carlos","family":"Ximenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lio Roberto","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles Lubianca","family":"Kohem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Goldenstein","family":"Schainberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiano Barbosa","family":"Campanholo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio Silvio de Sousa","family":"Bueno Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenise Brandao","family":"Pieruccetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro Waldemar","family":"Keiserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel Alexandre","family":"Yazbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penelope Esther","family":"Palominos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Silva Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo da Cruz","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Luppino","family":"Assad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubens","family":"Bonfiglioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f4nia Maria Alvarenga","family":"Anti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sueli","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thauana Lu\u00edza","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valder\u00edlio Feij\u00f3","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Washington Alves","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanderley Marques","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo de Medeiros","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Percival Degrava","family":"Sampaio-Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108217","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, Listing J, Brandt J, Braun J, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):770\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Listing J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):777\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042013000300003","volume":"53","author":"PD Sampaio-Barros","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sampaio-Barros PD, Keiserman M, Meirelles Ede S, Pinheiro Mde M, Ximenes AC, Azevedo VF, et al. Recommendations for the management and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2013;53(3):242\u201357.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"},{"key":"116_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips B, Ball C, Sackett D, Badenoch D, Straus S, Haynes B, et al. Levels of Evidence. BJU Int. 2010; 106: 1424.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09868.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12381","volume":"17","author":"Z Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin Z, Liao Z, Huang J, Jin O, Li Q, Li T, et al. Evaluation of Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis in Chinese patients with chronic back pain: results of a 2-year follow-up study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014;17(7):782\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39612","volume":"68","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Mease PJ, Reveille JD, Curtis JR, Chen S, Malhotra K, et al. Frequency of Axial Spondyloarthritis Diagnosis Among Patients Seen by US Rheumatologists for Evaluation of Chronic Back Pain. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(7):1669\u201376.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208730","volume":"75","author":"A Sepriano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sepriano A, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, et al. Predictive validity of the ASAS classification criteria for axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis after follow-up in the ASAS cohort: a final analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(6):1034\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2017.1320819","volume":"28","author":"LT Bendahan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bendahan LT, Machado NP, Mendes JG, Oliveira TL, Pinheiro MM. Performance of the classification criteria in patients with late-onset axial spondyloarthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2018;28(1):174\u201381.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR9","first-page":"1109","volume":"15","author":"W Mau","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mau W, Zeidler H, Mau R, Majewski A, Freyschmidt J, Stangel W, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of patients with possible ankylosing spondylitis. Results of a 10-year followup. J Rheumatol. 1988;15(7):1109\u201314.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24024","volume":"58","author":"AN Bennett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bennett AN, McGonagle D, O'Connor P, Hensor EM, Sivera F, Coates LC, et al. Severity of baseline magnetic resonance imaging-evident sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 status in early inflammatory back pain predict radiographically evident ankylosing spondylitis at eight years. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(11):3413\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27571","volume":"62","author":"U Weber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weber U, Lambert RG, Ostergaard M, Hodler J, Pedersen SJ, Maksymowych WP. The diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in spondylarthritis: an international multicenter evaluation of one hundred eighty-seven subjects. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(10):3048\u201358.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.110767","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Jurik AG, Hermann KG, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, Baraliakos X, et al. Defining active sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for classification of axial spondyloarthritis: a consensual approach by the ASAS\/OMERACT MRI group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(10):1520\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.153064","volume":"71","author":"SZ Aydin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aydin SZ, Maksymowych WP, Bennett AN, McGonagle D, Emery P, Marzo-Ortega H. Validation of the ASAS criteria and definition of a positive MRI of the sacroiliac joint in an inception cohort of axial spondyloarthritis followed up for 8 years. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(1):56\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-013-1789-y","volume":"43","author":"A Larbi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Larbi A, Viala P, Molinari N, Lukas C, Baron MP, Taourel P, et al. Assessment of MRI abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints and their ability to predict axial spondyloarthritis: a retrospective pilot study on 110 patients. Skelet Radiol. 2014;43(3):351\u20138.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21893","volume":"65","author":"U Weber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weber U, Zubler V, Pedersen SJ, Rufibach K, Lambert RG, Chan SM, et al. Development and validation of a magnetic resonance imaging reference criterion for defining a positive sacroiliac joint magnetic resonance imaging finding in spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2013;65(6):977\u201385.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130568","volume":"41","author":"U Weber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weber U, Pedersen SJ, Zubler V, Rufibach K, Chan SM, Lambert RG, et al. Fat infiltration on magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints has limited diagnostic utility in nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(1):75\u201383.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205408","volume":"74","author":"U Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber U, Ostergaard M, Lambert RG, Pedersen SJ, Chan SM, Zubler V, et al. Candidate lesion-based criteria for defining a positive sacroiliac joint MRI in two cohorts of patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(11):1976\u201382.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209405","volume":"76","author":"PA Bakker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bakker PA, van den Berg R, Lenczner G, Thevenin F, Reijnierse M, Claudepierre P, et al. Can we use structural lesions seen on MRI of the sacroiliac joints reliably for the classification of patients according to the ASAS axial spondyloarthritis criteria? Data from the DESIR cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(2):392\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"116_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Hooge M, van den Berg R, Navarro-Compan V, Reijnierse M, van Gaalen F, Fagerli K, et al. Patients with chronic back pain of short duration from the SPACE cohort: which MRI structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints and inflammatory and structural lesions in the spine are most specific for axial spondyloarthritis? Ann Rheumatic Dis. 2016;75:1308\u20131314.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207823"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket012","volume":"52","author":"M de Hooge","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Hooge M, van den Berg R, Navarro-Compan V, van Gaalen F, van der Heijde D, Huizinga T, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints in the early detection of spondyloarthritis: no added value of gadolinium compared with short tau inversion recovery sequence. Rheumatology. 2013;52(7):1220\u20134.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.206359","volume":"130","author":"YH Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao YH, Cao YY, Zhang Q, Mei YJ, Xiao JJ, Hu SY, et al. Role of Diffusion-weighted and Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Activity of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Chin Med J. 2017;130(11):1303\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170312","volume":"45","author":"LA Bradbury","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bradbury LA, Hollis KA, Gautier B, Shankaranarayana S, Robinson PC, Saad N, et al. Diffusion-weighted Imaging Is a Sensitive and Specific Magnetic Resonance Sequence in the Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2018;45(6):771\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150680","volume":"71","author":"KG Hermann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hermann KG, Baraliakos X, van der Heijde DM, Jurik AG, Landewe R, Marzo-Ortega H, et al. Descriptions of spinal MRI lesions and definition of a positive MRI of the spine in axial spondyloarthritis: a consensual approach by the ASAS\/OMERACT MRI study group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(8):1278\u201388.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.112094","volume":"69","author":"AN Bennett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bennett AN, Rehman A, Hensor EM, Marzo-Ortega H, Emery P, McGonagle D. The fatty Romanus lesion: a non-inflammatory spinal MRI lesion specific for axial spondyloarthropathy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(5):891\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2016.885","volume":"68","author":"M Lorenzin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lorenzin M, Ortolan A, Frallonardo P, Vio S, Lacognata C, Oliviero F, et al. Spine and sacroiliac joints on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis: prevalence of lesions and association with clinical and disease activity indices from the Italian group of the SPACE study. Reumatismo. 2016;68(2):72\u201382.","journal-title":"Reumatismo."},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38283","volume":"66","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2014","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Maksymowych WP, Brown MA, Lambert RG, Rathmann SS, et al. Spinal inflammation in the absence of sacroiliac joint inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(3):667\u201373.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211486","volume":"76","author":"Z Ez-Zaitouni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ez-Zaitouni Z, Bakker PA, van Lunteren M, de Hooge M, van den Berg R, Reijnierse M, et al. The yield of a positive MRI of the spine as imaging criterion in the ASAS classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis: results from the SPACE and DESIR cohorts. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(10):1731\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203887","volume":"74","author":"U Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber U, Zubler V, Zhao Z, Lambert RG, Chan SM, Pedersen SJ, et al. Does spinal MRI add incremental diagnostic value to MRI of the sacroiliac joints alone in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):985\u201392.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091155","volume":"37","author":"KB Madsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madsen KB, Schiottz-Christensen B, Jurik AG. Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging changes of the sacroiliac joints in spondyloarthritis--a followup study. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(8):1718\u201327.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000399","volume":"3","author":"WP Maksymowych","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maksymowych WP, Wichuk S, Chiowchanwisawakit P, Lambert RG, Pedersen SJ. Fat metaplasia on MRI of the sacroiliac joints increases the propensity for disease progression in the spine of patients with spondyloarthritis. RMD open. 2017;3(1):e000399.","journal-title":"RMD open."},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24132","volume":"60","author":"WP Maksymowych","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maksymowych WP, Chiowchanwisawakit P, Clare T, Pedersen SJ, Ostergaard M, Lambert RG. Inflammatory lesions of the spine on magnetic resonance imaging predict the development of new syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis: evidence of a relationship between inflammation and new bone formation. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(1):93\u2013102.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.124206","volume":"69","author":"P Machado","year":"2010","unstructured":"Machado P, Landewe R, Braun J, Hermann KG, Baker D, van der Heijde D. Both structural damage and inflammation of the spine contribute to impairment of spinal mobility in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(8):1465\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.11.883","volume":"59","author":"MA Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown MA, Laval SH, Brophy S, Calin A. Recurrence risk modelling of the genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(11):883\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<58::AID-ART8>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"41","author":"J Braun","year":"1998","unstructured":"Braun J, Bollow M, Remlinger G, Eggens U, Rudwaleit M, Distler A, et al. Prevalence of spondylarthropathies in HLA-B27 positive and negative blood donors. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(1):58\u201367.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"14","key":"116_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304052881403","volume":"288","author":"L Schlosstein","year":"1973","unstructured":"Schlosstein L, Terasaki PI, Bluestone R, Pearson CM. High association of an HL-A antigen, W27, with ankylosing spondylitis. N Engl J Med. 1973;288(14):704\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.02.001","volume":"20","author":"J Sieper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Khan MA, Braun J. Concepts and epidemiology of spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006;20(3):401\u201317.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0640-1","volume":"19","author":"MA Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan MA. An Update on the Genetic Polymorphism of HLA-B*27 With 213 Alleles Encompassing 160 Subtypes (and Still Counting). Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19(2):9.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2006.11.003","volume":"74","author":"J Freeston","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freeston J, Barkham N, Hensor E, Emery P, Fraser A. Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 positivity and the need for biologic therapies. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74(2):140\u20133.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR39","first-page":"78","volume":"7","author":"C Popescu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Popescu C, Trandafir M, Badica A, Morar F, Predeteanu D. Ankylosing spondylitis functional and activity indices in clinical practice. J Med Life. 2014;7(1):78\u201383.","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12186","volume":"82","author":"M Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang M, Xu M, Pan X, Hu Z, Li Q, Wei Y, et al. Epidemiological comparison of clinical manifestations according to HLA-B*27 carrier status of Chinese ankylosing spondylitis patients. Tissue Antigens. 2013;82(5):338\u201343.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR41","first-page":"321","volume":"12","author":"S Fallahi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fallahi S, Mahmoudi M, Nicknam MH, Gharibdoost F, Farhadi E, Saei A, et al. Effect of HLA-B*27 and its subtypes on clinical manifestations and severity of ankylosing spondylitis in Iranian patients. Iranian J Allergy Asthma Immunology. 2013;12(4):321\u201330.","journal-title":"Iranian J Allergy Asthma Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR42","first-page":"22","volume":"30","author":"J Xiong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiong J, Chen J, Tu J, Ye W, Zhang Z, Liu Q, et al. Association of HLA-B27 status and gender with sacroiliitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Pakistan J Med Sciences. 2014;30(1):22\u20137.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24483","volume":"60","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Haibel H, Baraliakos X, Listing J, Marker-Hermann E, Zeidler H, et al. The early disease stage in axial spondylarthritis: results from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(3):717\u201327.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.075754","volume":"67","author":"N Zeboulon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeboulon N, Dougados M, Gossec L. Prevalence and characteristics of uveitis in the spondyloarthropathies: a systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(7):955\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210770","volume":"76","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landew\u00e9 R, Baraliakos X, Van den Bosch F, Sepriano A, et al. 2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(6):978\u201391.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes066","volume":"51","author":"R van den Berg","year":"2012","unstructured":"van den Berg R, Baraliakos X, Braun J, van der Heijde D. First update of the current evidence for the management of ankylosing spondylitis with non-pharmacological treatment and non-biologic drugs: a systematic literature review for the ASAS\/EULAR management recommendations in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. 2012;51(8):1388\u201396.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"116_CR47","volume":"1","author":"H Dagfinrud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dagfinrud H, Kvien TK, Hagen KB. Physiotherapy interventions for ankylosing spondylitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;1:CD002822.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000397","volume":"3","author":"A Regel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Regel A, Sepriano A, Baraliakos X, van der Heijde D, Braun J, Landewe R, et al. Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological and non-biological pharmacological treatment: a systematic literature review informing the 2016 update of the ASAS\/EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis. RMD open. 2017;3(1):e000397.","journal-title":"RMD open"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000163862.89217.fe","volume":"84","author":"C Fernandez-de-Las-Penas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Morales-Cabezas M, Miangolarra-Page JC. Two exercise interventions for the management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Physical Med Rehabilitation. 2005;84(6):407\u201319.","journal-title":"Am J Physical Med Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000223358.25983.df","volume":"85","author":"C Fernandez-de-Las-Penas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Alguacil-Diego IM, Miangolarra-Page JC. One-year follow-up of two exercise interventions for the management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Physical Med Rehabilitation. 2006;85(7):559\u201367.","journal-title":"Am J Physical Med Rehabilitation."},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1938-3","volume":"32","author":"EM Silva","year":"2012","unstructured":"Silva EM, Andrade SC, Vilar MJ. Evaluation of the effects of Global Postural Reeducation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(7):2155\u201363.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2869-y","volume":"34","author":"MO Rosu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosu MO, Topa I, Chirieac R, Ancuta C. Effects of Pilates, McKenzie and Heckscher training on disease activity, spinal motility and pulmonary function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34(3):367\u201372.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0804","volume":"43","author":"YA Staalesen Strumse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Staalesen Strumse YA, Nordvag BY, Stanghelle JK, Roisland M, Winther A, Pajunen PA, et al. Efficacy of rehabilitation for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: comparison of a four-week rehabilitation programme in a Mediterranean and a Norwegian setting. J Rehabil Med. 2011;43(6):534\u201342.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1078","volume":"45","author":"I Kjeken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kjeken I, Bo I, Ronningen A, Spada C, Mowinckel P, Hagen KB, et al. A three-week multidisciplinary in-patient rehabilitation programme had positive long-term effects in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2013;45(3):260\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1791-5","volume":"31","author":"E Aytekin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aytekin E, Caglar NS, Ozgonenel L, Tutun S, Demiryontar DY, Demir SE. Home-based exercise therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: effects on pain, mobility, disease activity, quality of life, and respiratory functions. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(1):91\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000499","volume":"23","author":"M Kasapoglu Aksoy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kasapoglu Aksoy M, Birtane M, Tastekin N, Ekuklu G. The Effectiveness of Structured Group Education on Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients. J Clinical Rheumatol. 2017;23(3):138\u201343.","journal-title":"J Clinical Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR57","first-page":"739","volume":"31","author":"C Rodriguez-Lozano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Lozano C, Juanola X, Cruz-Martinez J, Pena-Arrebola A, Mulero J, Gratacos J, et al. Outcome of an education and home-based exercise programme for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide randomized study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31(5):739\u201348.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-2913-2","volume":"34","author":"H Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang H, Zhang H, Ji H, Wang C. Effects of home-based exercise intervention on health-related quality of life for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(10):1737\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"116_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150518","volume":"42","author":"F Jennings","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jennings F, Oliveira HA, de Souza MC, Cruz Vda G, Natour J. Effects of Aerobic Training in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(12):2347\u201353.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22062","volume":"65","author":"K Niedermann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niedermann K, Sidelnikov E, Muggli C, Dagfinrud H, Hermann M, Tamborrini G, et al. Effect of cardiovascular training on fitness and perceived disease activity in people with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Care Research. 2013;65(11):1844\u201352.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1180-1","volume":"18","author":"A Levitova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levitova A, Hulejova H, Spiritovic M, Pavelka K, Senolt L, Husakova M. Clinical improvement and reduction in serum calprotectin levels after an intensive exercise programme for patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Res Therapy. 2016;18(1):275.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Therapy."},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108688","volume":"9","author":"SH Sveaas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sveaas SH, Berg IJ, Provan SA, Semb AG, Hagen KB, Vollestad N, et al. Efficacy of high intensity exercise on disease activity and cardiovascular risk in active axial spondyloarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e108688.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-2980-8","volume":"34","author":"U Dundar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dundar U, Solak O, Toktas H, Demirdal US, Subasi V, Kavuncu V, et al. Effect of aquatic exercise on ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34(11):1505\u201311.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"116_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez Garcia R, Sanchez Sanchez Lde C, Lopez Rodriguez Mdel M, Sanchez Granados G. [Effects of an exercise and relaxation aquatic program in patients with spondyloarthritis: A randomized trial]. Medicina Clinica 2015;145(9):380\u2013384.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcle.2016.03.001"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew277","volume":"55","author":"BN Klemz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klemz BN, Reis-Neto ET, Jennings F, Siqueira US, Klemz FK, Pinheiro HH, et al. The relevance of performing exercise test before starting supervised physical exercise in asymptomatic cardiovascular patients with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(11):1978\u201386.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749209095085","volume":"21","author":"ND Peters","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peters ND, Ejstrup L. Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1992;21(3):134\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-7921.1000266","volume":"7","author":"MBN Rihl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rihl MBN, Wiese B, Schmidt RE, Zeidler H. Intravenous Glucocorticoid Pulse Therapy in Active, NSAID Refractory Axial Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Retrospective Analysis Spanning 12 Months. J Arthritis. 2018;7(1):266\u20139.","journal-title":"J Arthritis"},{"key":"116_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandinelli F, Scazzariello F, Pimenta da Fonseca E, Barreto Santiago M, Marcassa C, Nacci F, et al. Low-dose modified-release prednisone in axial spondyloarthritis: 3-month efficacy and tolerability. Drug Design Development Therapy. 2016;10:3717\u201324.","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S115099"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-203055","volume":"73","author":"H Haibel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haibel H, Fendler C, Listing J, Callhoff J, Braun J, Sieper J. Efficacy of oral prednisolone in active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled short-term trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):243\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006957","volume":"5","author":"YP Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang YP, Gong Y, Zeng QY, Hou ZD, Xiao ZY. A long-term, observational cohort study on the safety of low-dose glucocorticoids in ankylosing spondylitis: adverse events and effects on bone mineral density, blood lipid and glucose levels and body mass index. BMJ Open. 2015;5(6):e006957.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3440-4","volume":"36","author":"P Srivastava","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srivastava P, Aggarwal A. Ultrasound-guided retro-calcaneal bursa corticosteroid injection for refractory Achilles tendinitis in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathy: efficacy and follow-up study. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36(6):875\u201380.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0661","volume":"30","author":"D Metcalfe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Metcalfe D, Achten J, Costa ML. Glucocorticoid injections in lesions of the achilles tendon. Foot Ankle International. 2009;30(7):661\u20135.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle International"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199607000-00002","volume":"20","author":"M Bollow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bollow M, Braun J, Taupitz M, Haberle J, Reibhauer BH, Paris S, et al. CT-guided intraarticular corticosteroid injection into the sacroiliac joints in patients with spondyloarthropathy: indication and follow-up with contrast-enhanced MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1996;20(4):512\u201321.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"116_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kroon FPB, van der Burg LRA, Ramiro S, Landew\u00e9 RBM, Buchbinder R, Falzon L, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis) (Review). Cochrane Libr. 2015;7.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010952.pub2"},{"key":"116_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang R, Dasgupta A, Ward MM. Comparative efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in ankylosing spondylitis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207677"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516628704","volume":"44","author":"C Walker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walker C, Essex MN, Li C, Park PW. Celecoxib versus diclofenac for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: 12-week randomized study in Norwegian patients. J Int Med Res. 2016;44(3):483\u201395.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1275-5","volume":"17","author":"E Balazcs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balazcs E, Sieper J, Bickham K, Mehta A, Frontera N, Stryszak P, et al. A randomized, clinical trial to assess the relative efficacy and tolerability of two doses of etoricoxib versus naproxen in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17(1):426.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21054","volume":"52","author":"A Wanders","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wanders A, Heijde D, Landewe R, Behier JM, Calin A, Olivieri I, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(6):1756\u201365.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201370","volume":"71","author":"F Kroon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kroon F, Landewe R, Dougados M, van der Heijde D. Continuous NSAID use reverts the effects of inflammation on radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(10):1623\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201252","volume":"71","author":"D Poddubnyy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poddubnyy D, Rudwaleit M, Haibel H, Listing J, Marker-Hermann E, Zeidler H, et al. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on radiographic spinal progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(10):1616\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"116_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sieper J, Listing J, Poddubnyy D, Song IH, Hermann KG, Callhoff J, et al. Effect of continuous versus on-demand treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with diclofenac over 2 years on radiographic progression of the spine: results from a randomised multicentre trial (ENRADAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2015.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207897"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202010","volume":"52","author":"Z Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang Z, Zhao W, Liu W, Lv Q, Dong X. Efficacy evaluation of methotrexate in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis using meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;52(5):346\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR83","first-page":"1568","volume":"31","author":"L Gonzalez-Lopez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Lopez L, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Vazquez-Del-Mercado M, Munoz-Valle JF, Gamez-Nava JI. Efficacy of methotrexate in ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(8):1568\u201374.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/030097401753180318","volume":"30","author":"L Altan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Altan L, Bingol U, Karakoc Y, Aydiner S, Yurtkuran M, Yurtkuran M. Clinical investigation of methotrexate in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(5):255\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.11.1330","volume":"41","author":"B Roychowdhury","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roychowdhury B, Bintley-Bagot S, Bulgen DY, Thompson RN, Tunn EJ, Moots RJ. Is methotrexate effective in ankylosing spondylitis? Rheumatology. 2002;41(11):1330\u20132.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2006.08.005","volume":"74","author":"VC Perez-Guijo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perez-Guijo VC, Cravo AR, Castro Mdel C, Font P, Munoz-Gomariz E, Collantes-Estevez E. Increased efficacy of infliximab associated with methotrexate in ankylosing spondylitis. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74(3):254\u20138.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23167","volume":"58","author":"M Breban","year":"2008","unstructured":"Breban M, Ravaud P, Claudepierre P, Baron G, Henry YD, Hudry C, et al. Maintenance of infliximab treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: results of a one-year randomized controlled trial comparing systematic versus on-demand treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):88\u201397.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR88","first-page":"1104","volume":"22","author":"MC Creemers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Creemers MC, Franssen MJ, van de Putte LB, Gribnau FW, van Riel PL. Methotrexate in severe ankylosing spondylitis: an open study. J Rheumatol. 1995;22(6):1104\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050027","volume":"19","author":"D Biasi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Biasi D, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Pacor ML, Maleknia T, Bambara LM. Efficacy of methotrexate in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a three-year open study. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19(2):114\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1080\/030097400750002021","volume":"29","author":"PD Sampaio-Barros","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sampaio-Barros PD, Costallat LT, Bertolo MB, Neto JF, Samara AM. Methotrexate in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2000;29(3):160\u20132.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-016-0402-1","volume":"65","author":"A Bachta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bachta A, Kisiel B, T\u0142ustochowicz M, Raczkiewicz A, R\u0119kas M, T\u0142ustochowicz W. High Efficacy of Methotrexate in Patients with Recurrent Idiopathic Acute Anterior Uveitis: a Prospective Study. Arch Immunol Ther Exp. 2017;65(1):93\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp"},{"key":"116_CR92","volume":"2","author":"J Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen J, Liu C. Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;2:CD004800.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"116_CR93","volume":"11","author":"J Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen J, Lin S, Liu C. Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;11:CD004800.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.052878","volume":"65","author":"J Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun J, Zochling J, Baraliakos X, Alten R, Burmester G, Grasedyck K, et al. Efficacy of sulfasalazine in patients with inflammatory back pain due to undifferentiated spondyloarthritis and early ankylosing spondylitis: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(9):1147\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30223","volume":"63","author":"J Braun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Braun J, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Huang F, Burgos-Vargas R, Vlahos B, Koenig AS, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of etanercept versus sulfasalazine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized, double-blind trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(6):1543\u201351.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.139667","volume":"70","author":"IH Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song IH, Hermann K, Haibel H, Althoff CE, Listing J, Burmester G, et al. Effects of etanercept versus sulfasalazine in early axial spondyloarthritis on active inflammatory lesions as detected by whole-body MRI (ESTHER): a 48-week randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(4):590\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket450","volume":"53","author":"KM Fagerli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fagerli KM, van der Heijde D, Heiberg MS, Wierod A, Kalstad S, Rodevand E, et al. Is there a role for sulphasalazine in axial spondyloarthritis in the era of TNF inhibition? Data from the NOR-DMARD longitudinal observational study. Rheumatology. 2014;53(6):1087\u201394.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13124","volume":"21","author":"S Khanna Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khanna Sharma S, Kadiyala V, Naidu G, Dhir V. A randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of sulfasalazine for axial disease in ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;21(1):308\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"116_CR99","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Fern\u00e1ndez S, Hidalgo V, Fern\u00e1ndez-Mel\u00f3n J, Schlincker A, Bonilla G, Ruiz-Sancho D, et al. Sulfasalazine reduces the number of flares of acute anterior uveitis over a one-year period. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(6):1277\u20139."},{"issue":"Pt 3A","key":"116_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2000.84","volume":"14","author":"JM Benitez-Del-Castillo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benitez-Del-Castillo JM, Garcia-Sanchez J, Iradier T, Ba\u00f1ares A. Sulfasalazine in the prevention of anterior uveitis associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Eye (Lond). 2000;14(Pt 3A):340\u20133.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"116_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.036491","volume":"64","author":"JC van Denderen","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Denderen JC, van der Paardt M, Nurmohamed MT, de Ryck YM, Dijkmans BA, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE. Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study of leflunomide in the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(12):1761\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.019174","volume":"64","author":"H Haibel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Braun J, Sieper J. Six months open label trial of leflunomide in active ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(1):124\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206616","volume":"74","author":"E Lie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lie E, Kristensen LE, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Zverkova-Sandstrom T, Askling J, Jacobsson LT, et al. The effect of comedication with conventional synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs on TNF inhibitor drug survival in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis: results from a nationwide prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):970\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39772","volume":"68","author":"A Sepriano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sepriano A, Ramiro S, van der Heijde D, Avila-Ribeiro P, Fonseca R, Borges J, et al. Effect of Comedication With Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Retention of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Patients With Spondyloarthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(11):2671\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9313","key":"116_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08215-6","volume":"359","author":"J Braun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, Golder W, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9313):1187\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11104","volume":"48","author":"J Braun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, Burmester G, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: an open, observational, extension study of a three-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(8):2224\u201333.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025130","volume":"64","author":"J Braun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, Burmester G, et al. Two year maintenance of efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):229\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh584","volume":"44","author":"J Braun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Braun J, Baraliakos X, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, et al. Persistent clinical response to the anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis over 3 years. Rheumatology. 2005;44(5):670\u20136.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.075879","volume":"67","author":"J Braun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Braun J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, Fritz C, Alten R, Burmester G, et al. Persistent clinical efficacy and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy with infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis over 5 years: evidence for different types of response. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(3):340\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker194","volume":"50","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baraliakos X, Listing J, Fritz C, Haibel H, Alten R, Burmester GR, et al. Persistent clinical efficacy and safety of infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis after 8 years--early clinical response predicts long-term outcome. Rheumatology. 2011;50(9):1690\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20852","volume":"52","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2005","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Dijkmans B, Geusens P, Sieper J, DeWoody K, Williamson P, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ASSERT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(2):582\u201391.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"18","key":"116_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012664","volume":"346","author":"JD Gorman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gorman JD, Sack KE, Davis JC Jr. Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(18):1349\u201356.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11325","volume":"48","author":"JC Davis Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davis JC Jr, Van Der Heijde D, Braun J, Dougados M, Cush J, Clegg DO, et al. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (etanercept) for treating ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(11):3230\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.035105","volume":"64","author":"JC Davis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Davis JC, van der Heijde DM, Braun J, Dougados M, Cush J, Clegg D, et al. Sustained durability and tolerability of etanercept in ankylosing spondylitis for 96 weeks. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(11):1557\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.078139","volume":"67","author":"JC Davis Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davis JC Jr, van der Heijde DM, Braun J, Dougados M, Clegg DO, Kivitz AJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of up to 192 weeks of etanercept therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(3):346\u201352.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11017","volume":"48","author":"J Brandt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brandt J, Khariouzov A, Listing J, Haibel H, Sorensen H, Grassnickel L, et al. Six-month results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of etanercept treatment in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(6):1667\u201375.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh475","volume":"44","author":"J Brandt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brandt J, Listing J, Haibel H, Sorensen H, Schwebig A, Rudwaleit M, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of etanercept after readministration in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. 2005;44(3):342\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R67","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4244","volume":"15","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baraliakos X, Haibel H, Fritz C, Listing J, Heldmann F, Braun J, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis with etanercept-sustained efficacy and safety after seven years. Arthritis Research Therapy. 2013;15(3):R67.","journal-title":"Arthritis Research Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"116_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.020875","volume":"63","author":"A Calin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Calin A, Dijkmans BA, Emery P, Hakala M, Kalden J, Leirisalo-Repo M, et al. Outcomes of a multicentre randomised clinical trial of etanercept to treat ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(12):1594\u2013600.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.139261","volume":"70","author":"M Dougados","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dougados M, Braun J, Szanto S, Combe B, Elbaz M, Geher P, et al. Efficacy of etanercept on rheumatic signs and pulmonary function tests in advanced ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study (SPINE). Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(5):799\u2013804.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202389","volume":"72","author":"IH Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song IH, Weiss A, Hermann KG, Haibel H, Althoff CE, Poddubnyy D, et al. Similar response rates in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis after 1 year of treatment with etanercept: results from the ESTHER trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(6):823\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140056","volume":"41","author":"IH Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song IH, Hermann KG, Haibel H, Althoff CE, Poddubnyy D, Listing J, et al. Consistently Good clinical response in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis after 3 years of continuous treatment with etanercept: longterm data of the ESTHER trial. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(10):2034\u201340.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38721","volume":"66","author":"M Dougados","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dougados M, van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Braun J, Maksymowych WP, Citera G, et al. Symptomatic efficacy of etanercept and its effects on objective signs of inflammation in early nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(8):2091\u2013102.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207596","volume":"75","author":"WP Maksymowych","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maksymowych WP, Dougados M, van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Braun J, Citera G, et al. Clinical and MRI responses to etanercept in early non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: 48-week results from the EMBARK study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(7):1328\u201335.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-012-1035-7","volume":"23","author":"ZH Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li ZH, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shi ZJ. Etanercept in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials, and the comparison of the Caucasian and Chinese population. Eur J Orthopaedic Surg Traumatol. 2013;23(5):497\u2013506.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthopaedic Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21913","volume":"54","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Kivitz A, Schiff MH, Sieper J, Dijkmans BA, Braun J, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(7):2136\u201346.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.087270","volume":"68","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2009","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Schiff MH, Sieper J, Kivitz AJ, Wong RL, Kupper H, et al. Adalimumab effectiveness for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is maintained for up to 2 years: long-term results from the ATLAS trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):922\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R124","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2790","volume":"11","author":"DM van der Heijde","year":"2009","unstructured":"van der Heijde DM, Revicki DA, Gooch KL, Wong RL, Kupper H, Harnam N, et al. Physical function, disease activity, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes after 3 years of adalimumab treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Therapy. 2009;11(4):R124.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Therapy."},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200358","volume":"71","author":"J Sieper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sieper J, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Brown LS, Lavie F, Pangan AL. Early response to adalimumab predicts long-term remission through 5 years of treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(5):700\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23606","volume":"58","author":"H Haibel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, Heldmann F, Wong RL, Kupper H, et al. Efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of axial spondylarthritis without radiographically defined sacroiliitis: results of a twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed by an open-label extension up to week fifty-two. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(7):1981\u201391.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201766","volume":"72","author":"J Sieper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sieper J, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Mease PJ, Maksymowych WP, Brown MA, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(6):815\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12245","volume":"17","author":"H Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang H, Zuo D, Sun M, Hua Y, Cai Z. Randomized, placebo controlled and double-blind trials of efficacy and safety of adalimumab for treating ankylosing spondylitis: a meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014;17(2):142\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23969","volume":"58","author":"RD Inman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Inman RD, Davis JC Jr, Heijde D, Diekman L, Sieper J, Kim SI, et al. Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(11):3402\u201312.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.154799","volume":"71","author":"J Braun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Braun J, Deodhar A, Inman RD, van der Heijde D, Mack M, Xu S, et al. Golimumab administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks in ankylosing spondylitis: 104-week results of the GO-RAISE study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(5):661\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205862","volume":"74","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Braun J, Inman RD, van der Heijde D, Zhou Y, Xu S, et al. Golimumab administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks in ankylosing spondylitis: 5-year results of the GO-RAISE study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(4):757\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu132","volume":"53","author":"C Bao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bao C, Huang F, Khan MA, Fei K, Wu Z, Han C, et al. Safety and efficacy of golimumab in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: 1-year results of a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Rheumatology. 2014;53(9):1654\u201363.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39257","volume":"67","author":"J Sieper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sieper J, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Maksymowych WP, Scott BB, Boice JA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sixteen-week study of subcutaneous golimumab in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(10):2702\u201312.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170487","volume":"45","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Reveille JD, Harrison DD, Kim L, Lo KH, Leu JH, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Golimumab Administered Intravenously in Adults with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results through Week 28 of the GO-ALIVE Study. J Rheumatol. 2018;45(3):341\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"116_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204231","volume":"73","author":"R Landew\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landew\u00e9 R, Braun J, Deodhar A, Dougados M, Maksymowych WP, Mease PJ, et al. Efficacy of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis: 24-week results of a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase 3 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;73:39\u201347.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38973","volume":"67","author":"J Sieper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sieper J, Landewe R, Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Mease PJ, et al. Effect of certolizumab pegol over ninety-six weeks in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from a phase III randomized trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(3):668\u201377.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex174","volume":"56","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Landewe R, Sieper J, Maksymowych WP, Rudwaleit M, et al. Sustained efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of certolizumab pegol in axial spondyloarthritis: 4-year outcomes from RAPID-axSpA. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(9):1498\u2013509.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"26","key":"116_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505066","volume":"373","author":"D Baeten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baeten D, Sieper J, Braun J, Baraliakos X, Dougados M, Emery P, et al. Secukinumab, an Interleukin-17A Inhibitor, in Ankylosing Spondylitis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(26):2534\u201348.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210023","volume":"76","author":"J Sieper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sieper J, Deodhar A, Marzo-Ortega H, Aelion JA, Blanco R, Jui-Cheng T, et al. Secukinumab efficacy in anti-TNF-naive and anti-TNF-experienced subjects with active ankylosing spondylitis: results from the MEASURE 2 Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(3):571\u201392.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"116_CR144","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Conaghan PG, Kvien TK, Strand V, Sherif B, Porter B, et al. Secukinumab provides rapid and persistent relief in pain and fatigue symptoms in patients with ankylosing spondylitis irrespective of baseline C-reactive protein levels or prior tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: 2-year data from the MEASURE 2 study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209730","volume":"76","author":"J Braun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braun J, Baraliakos X, Deodhar A, Baeten D, Sieper J, Emery P, et al. Effect of secukinumab on clinical and radiographic outcomes in ankylosing spondylitis: 2-year results from the randomised phase III MEASURE 1 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(6):1070\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23233","volume":"69","author":"H Marzo-Ortega","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marzo-Ortega H, Sieper J, Kivitz A, Blanco R, Cohen M, Martin R, et al. Secukinumab and Sustained Improvement in Signs and Symptoms of Patients With Active Ankylosing Spondylitis Through Two Years: Results From a Phase III Study. Arthritis Care Res. 2017;69(7):1020\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR147","first-page":"50","volume":"36","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baraliakos X, Kivitz AJ, Deodhar AA, Braun J, Wei JC, Delicha EM, et al. Long-term effects of interleukin-17A inhibition with secukinumab in active ankylosing spondylitis: 3-year efficacy and safety results from an extension of the Phase 3 MEASURE 1 trial. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36(1):50\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10163","key":"116_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31946-9","volume":"392","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Cheng-Chung Wei J, Dougados M, Mease P, Deodhar A, Maksymowych WP, et al. Ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A antagonist in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis or radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in patients previously untreated with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (COAST-V): 16 week results of a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, active-controlled and placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10163):2441\u201351.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"116_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Poddubnyy D, Pacheco-Tena C, Salvarani C, Lespessailles E, Rahman P, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab in the Treatment of Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: 16 Week Results of a Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial in Patients with Prior Inadequate Response or Intolerance to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(4):599-611.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40753"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1157-3","volume":"30","author":"AR Giardina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giardina AR, Ferrante A, Ciccia F, Impastato R, Miceli MC, Principato A, et al. A 2-year comparative open label randomized study of efficacy and safety of etanercept and infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2010;30(11):1437\u201340.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-203091","volume":"72","author":"W Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park W, Hrycaj P, Jeka S, Kovalenko V, Lysenko G, Miranda P, et al. A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel-group, prospective study comparing the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of CT-P13 and innovator infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: the PLANETAS study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(10):1605\u201312.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2017.1330419","volume":"47","author":"J Ruwaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruwaard J, l'Ami MJ, Marsman AF, Kneepkens EL, van Denderen JC, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, et al. Comparison of drug survival and clinical outcome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with etanercept or adalimumab. Scand J Rheumatol. 2018;47(2):122\u20136.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"116_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32768","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32768","volume":"6","author":"W Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu W, Wu YH, Zhang L, Liu XY, Bin X, Bin L, et al. Efficacy and safety of TNF-alpha inhibitors for active ankylosing spondylitis patients: Multiple treatment comparisons in a network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:32768.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20090","volume":"20","author":"M Corbett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corbett M, Soares M, Jhuti G, Rice S, Spackman E, Sideris E, et al. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2016;20(9):1\u2013334 v-vi.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3693-7","volume":"36","author":"P Ungprasert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ungprasert P, Erwin PJ, Koster MJ. Indirect comparisons of the efficacy of biological agents in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2017;36(7):1569\u201377.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3966-1","volume":"37","author":"S Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang S, He Q, Shuai Z. Risk of serious infections in biological treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(2):439\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8623-6","volume":"54","author":"LQ Hou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hou LQ, Jiang GX, Chen YF, Yang XM, Meng L, Xue M, et al. The Comparative Safety of TNF Inhibitors in Ankylosing Spondylitis-a Meta-Analysis Update of 14 Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018;54(2):234\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu255","volume":"54","author":"D Wallis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wallis D, Thavaneswaran A, Haroon N, Ayearst R, Inman RD. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy and infection risk in axial spondyloarthritis: results from a longitudinal observational cohort. Rheumatology. 2015;54(1):152\u20136.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22815","volume":"68","author":"RJ Desai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Desai RJ, Thaler KJ, Mahlknecht P, Gartlehner G, McDonagh MS, Mesgarpour B, et al. Comparative Risk of Harm Associated With the Use of Targeted Immunomodulators: A Systematic Review. Arthritis Care Research. 2016;68(8):1078\u201388.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Research."},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110373","volume":"38","author":"EM Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim EM, Uhm WS, Bae SC, Yoo DH, Kim TH. Incidence of tuberculosis among korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis who are taking tumor necrosis factor blockers. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(10):2218\u201323.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2387-z","volume":"33","author":"HW Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim HW, Park JK, Yang JA, Yoon YI, Lee EY, Song YW, et al. Comparison of tuberculosis incidence in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis during tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment in an intermediate burden area. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33(9):1307\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12726","volume":"12","author":"T Cagatay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cagatay T, Bingol Z, Kiyan E, Yegin Z, Okumus G, Arseven O, et al. Follow-up of 1887 patients receiving tumor necrosis-alpha antagonists: Tuberculin skin test conversion and tuberculosis risk. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(4):1668\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150177","volume":"43","author":"B Kisacik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kisacik B, Pamuk ON, Onat AM, Erer SB, Hatemi G, Ozguler Y, et al. Characteristics Predicting Tuberculosis Risk under Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibitors: Report from a Large Multicenter Cohort with High Background Prevalence. J Rheumatol. 2016;43(3):524\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.08.005","volume":"41","author":"L Carmona","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carmona L, Abasolo L, Descalzo MA, Perez-Zafrilla B, Sellas A, de Abajo F, et al. Cancer in patients with rheumatic diseases exposed to TNF antagonists. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41(1):71\u201380.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR165","first-page":"71","volume":"32","author":"I Westhovens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Westhovens I, Lories RJ, Westhovens R, Verschueren P, de Vlam K. Anti-TNF therapy and malignancy in spondyloarthritis in the Leuven spondyloarthritis biologics cohort (BIOSPAR). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32(1):71\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209270","volume":"76","author":"K Hellgren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hellgren K, Dreyer L, Arkema EV, Glintborg B, Jacobsson LT, Kristensen LE, et al. Cancer risk in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with TNF inhibitors: a collaborative study from the ARTIS and DANBIO registers. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(1):105\u201311.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38070","volume":"65","author":"N Haroon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haroon N, Inman R, Learch T, Weisman M, Lee M, Rahbar MH, et al. The Impact of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alfa Inhibitors on Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10):2645\u201354.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211544","volume":"77","author":"C Molnar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Molnar C, Scherer A, Baraliakos X, de Hooge M, Micheroli R, Exer P, et al. TNF blockers inhibit spinal radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis by reducing disease activity: results from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(1):63\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122693","volume":"10","author":"F Maas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maas F, Spoorenberg A, Brouwer E, Bos R, Efde M, Chaudhry RN, et al. Spinal radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with TNF-alpha blocking therapy: a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0122693.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2015.09.006","volume":"83","author":"TJ Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim TJ, Shin JH, Kim S, Sung IH, Lee S, Song Y, et al. Radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis according to tumor necrosis factor blocker exposure: Observation Study of Korean Spondyloarthropathy Registry (OSKAR) data. Joint Bone Spine. 2016;83(5):569\u201372.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23901","volume":"58","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Baraliakos X, Houben H, van Tubergen A, Williamson P, et al. Radiographic findings following two years of infliximab therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(10):3063\u201370.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem166","volume":"46","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baraliakos X, Listing J, Brandt J, Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Sieper J, et al. Radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after 4 yrs of treatment with the anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(9):1450\u20133.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23471","volume":"58","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Einstein S, Ory P, Vosse D, Ni L, et al. Radiographic progression of ankylosing spondylitis after up to two years of treatment with etanercept. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(5):1324\u201331.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R127","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2794","volume":"11","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2009","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Salonen D, Weissman BN, Landewe R, Maksymowych WP, Kupper H, et al. Assessment of radiographic progression in the spines of patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with adalimumab for up to 2 years. Arthritis Res Therapy. 2009;11(4):R127.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Therapy."},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-203075","volume":"73","author":"J Braun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braun J, Baraliakos X, Hermann KG, Deodhar A, van der Heijde D, Inman R, et al. The effect of two golimumab doses on radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis: results through 4 years of the GO-RAISE trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):1107\u201313.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212377","volume":"77","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Baraliakos X, Hermann KA, Landewe RBM, Machado PM, Maksymowych WP, et al. Limited radiographic progression and sustained reductions in MRI inflammation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: 4-year imaging outcomes from the RAPID-axSpA phase III randomised trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(5):699\u2013705.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"116_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun J, Baraliakos X, Deodhar A, Poddubnyy D, Emery P, Delicha EM, et al. Secukinumab shows sustained efficacy and low structural progression in ankylosing spondylitis: 4-year results from the MEASURE 1 study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019;58(5):859\u2013868.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key375"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202698","volume":"73","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baraliakos X, Haibel H, Listing J, Sieper J, Braun J. Continuous long-term anti-TNF therapy does not lead to an increase in the rate of new bone formation over 8 years in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(4):710\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21197","volume":"52","author":"J Braun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Braun J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, Sieper J. Decreased incidence of anterior uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with the anti-tumor necrosis factor agents infliximab and etanercept. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(8):2447\u201351.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092585","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Rodevand E, Holck P, Vanhoof J, Kron M, Kary S, et al. Adalimumab effectively reduces the rate of anterior uveitis flares in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a prospective open-label study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(5):696\u2013701.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131289","volume":"41","author":"JC van Denderen","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Denderen JC, Visman IM, Nurmohamed MT, Suttorp-Schulten MS, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE. Adalimumab significantly reduces the recurrence rate of anterior uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(9):1843\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.103192","volume":"69","author":"J Sieper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sieper J, Koenig A, Baumgartner S, Wishneski C, Foehl J, Vlahos B, et al. Analysis of uveitis rates across all etanercept ankylosing spondylitis clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(1):226\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0239-y","volume":"37","author":"S Yazgan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yazgan S, Celik U, Isik M, Yesil NK, Baki AE, Sahin H, et al. Efficacy of golimumab on recurrent uveitis in HLA-B27-positive ankylosing spondylitis. Int Ophthalmol. 2017;37(1):139\u201345.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.03.002","volume":"46","author":"V Calvo-Rio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calvo-Rio V, Blanco R, Santos-Gomez M, Rubio-Romero E, Cordero-Coma M, Gallego-Flores A, et al. Golimumab in refractory uveitis related to spondyloarthritis. Multicenter study of 15 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(1):95\u2013101.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"116_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez M, Mesquida M, Llorens V, Maza MSdl, Blanco R, Calvo V, et al. THU0381 Certolizumab pegol is effective in uveitis associated to spondyloarthritis refractory to other tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. Ann Rheumatic Dis. 2017;76(Suppl 2):350-.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-eular.4425"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22848","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Rosenbaum JT, Landewe R, Marzo-Ortega H, Sieper J, van der Heijde D, et al. Observed Incidence of Uveitis Following Certolizumab Pegol Treatment in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Care Research. 2016;68(6):838\u201344.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Research"},{"key":"116_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Bentum RE, Heslinga SC, Nurmohamed MT, Gerards AH, Griep EN, Koehorst C, et al. Reduced Occurrence Rate of Acute Anterior Uveitis in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Golimumab - The GO-EASY Study. J Rheumatol. 2019;46(2):153\u2013159.","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180312"},{"key":"116_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0489-2","volume":"16","author":"D Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu D, Guo YY, Xu NN, Zhao S, Hou LX, Jiao T, et al. Efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for extra-articular manifestations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:19.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22669","volume":"57","author":"J Braun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Braun J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, Davis J, van der Heijde D, Haibel H, et al. Differences in the incidence of flares or new onset of inflammatory bowel diseases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis exposed to therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(4):639\u201347.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.05.005","volume":"41","author":"D Wendling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wendling D, Paccou J, Berthelot JM, Flipo RM, Guillaume-Czitrom S, Prati C, et al. New onset of uveitis during anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment for rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41(3):503\u201310.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"116_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2014.969368","volume":"30","author":"D Wendling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wendling D, Joshi A, Reilly P, Jalundhwala YJ, Mittal M, Bao Y. Comparing the risk of developing uveitis in patients initiating anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for ankylosing spondylitis: an analysis of a large US claims database. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014;30(12):2515\u201321.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-2989-8","volume":"34","author":"F Lian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lian F, Zhou J, Wei C, Wang Y, Xu H, Liang L, et al. Anti-TNFalpha agents and methotrexate in spondyloarthritis related uveitis in a Chinese population. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(11):1913\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210931","volume":"76","author":"E Lie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lie E, Lindstrom U, Zverkova-Sandstrom T, Olsen IC, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Askling J, et al. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment and occurrence of anterior uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis: results from the Swedish biologics register. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(9):1515\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4249-1","volume":"37","author":"MJ Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim MJ, Lee EE, Lee EY, Song YW, Yu HG, Choi Y, et al. Preventive effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(10):2763\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.058339","volume":"66","author":"A Kavanaugh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kavanaugh A, Krueger GG, Beutler A, Guzzo C, Zhou B, Dooley LT, et al. Infliximab maintains a high degree of clinical response in patients with active psoriatic arthritis through 1 year of treatment: results from the IMPACT 2 trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(4):498\u2013505.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20335","volume":"50","author":"PJ Mease","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mease PJ, Kivitz AJ, Burch FX, Siegel EL, Cohen SB, Ory P, et al. Etanercept treatment of psoriatic arthritis: safety, efficacy, and effect on disease progression. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(7):2264\u201372.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9227","key":"116_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02530-7","volume":"356","author":"PJ Mease","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mease PJ, Goffe BS, Metz J, VanderStoep A, Finck B, Burge DJ. Etanercept in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9227):385\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21306","volume":"52","author":"PJ Mease","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mease PJ, Gladman DD, Ritchlin CT, Ruderman EM, Steinfeld SD, Choy EH, et al. Adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderately to severely active psoriatic arthritis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(10):3279\u201389.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24403","volume":"60","author":"A Kavanaugh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Mease P, Krueger GG, Gladman D, Gomez-Reino J, et al. Golimumab, a new human tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody, administered every four weeks as a subcutaneous injection in psoriatic arthritis: Twenty-four-week efficacy and safety results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(4):976\u201386.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203696","volume":"73","author":"PJ Mease","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mease PJ, Fleischmann R, Deodhar AA, Wollenhaupt J, Khraishi M, Kielar D, et al. Effect of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results of a Phase 3 double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study (RAPID-PsA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):48\u201355.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"116_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412679","volume":"373","author":"PJ Mease","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mease PJ, McInnes IB, Kirkham B, Kavanaugh A, Rahman P, van der Heijde D, et al. Secukinumab Inhibition of Interleukin-17A in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(14):1329\u201339.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9999","key":"116_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61134-5","volume":"386","author":"IB McInnes","year":"2015","unstructured":"McInnes IB, Mease PJ, Kirkham B, Kavanaugh A, Ritchlin CT, Rahman P, et al. Secukinumab, a human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (FUTURE 2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9999):1137\u201346.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.28674","volume":"121","author":"WJ Sandborn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sandborn WJ, Hanauer SB, Katz S, Safdi M, Wolf DG, Baerg RD, et al. Etanercept for active Crohn's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2001;121(5):1088\u201394.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"12","key":"116_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301668","volume":"61","author":"W Hueber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hueber W, Sands BE, Lewitzky S, Vandemeulebroecke M, Reinisch W, Higgins PD, et al. Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn's disease: unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gut. 2012;61(12):1693\u2013700.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22236","volume":"55","author":"F Cantini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cantini F, Niccoli L, Benucci M, Chindamo D, Nannini C, Olivieri I, et al. Switching from infliximab to once-weekly administration of 50 mg etanercept in resistant or intolerant patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a fifty-four-week study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(5):812\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken094","volume":"47","author":"LC Coates","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coates LC, Cawkwell LS, Ng NW, Bennett AN, Bryer DJ, Fraser AD, et al. Real life experience confirms sustained response to long-term biologics and switching in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. 2008;47(6):897\u2013900.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"11","key":"116_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken334","volume":"47","author":"DJ Pradeep","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pradeep DJ, Keat AC, Gaffney K, Brooksby A, Leeder J, Harris C. Switching anti-TNF therapy in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. 2008;47(11):1726\u20137.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"116_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-010-0795-0","volume":"160","author":"G Haberhauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haberhauer G, Strehblow C, Fasching P. Observational study of switching anti-TNF agents in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis versus rheumatoid arthritis. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2010;160(9\u201310):220\u20134.","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.131797","volume":"70","author":"E Lie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lie E, van der Heijde D, Uhlig T, Mikkelsen K, Rodevand E, Koldingsnes W, et al. Effectiveness of switching between TNF inhibitors in ankylosing spondylitis: data from the NOR-DMARD register. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(1):157\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201933","volume":"72","author":"B Glintborg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Glintborg B, Ostergaard M, Krogh NS, Tarp U, Manilo N, Loft AG, et al. Clinical response, drug survival and predictors thereof in 432 ankylosing spondylitis patients after switching tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy: results from the Danish nationwide DANBIO registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(7):1149\u201355.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"116_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-014-0598-0","volume":"15","author":"K Gulyas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gulyas K, Bodnar N, Nagy Z, Szamosi S, Horvath A, Vancsa A, et al. Real-life experience with switching TNF-alpha inhibitors in ankylosing spondylitis. Eur Health Econ. 2014;15(Suppl 1):S93\u2013100.","journal-title":"Eur Health Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.03.008","volume":"47","author":"F Cantini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cantini F, Niccoli L, Nannini C, Cassara E, Kaloudi O, Giulio Favalli E, et al. Second-line biologic therapy optimization in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;47(2):183\u201392.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.04.005","volume":"47","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Yu D. Switching tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;47(3):343\u201350.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew033","volume":"55","author":"V Navarro-Compan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navarro-Compan V, Plasencia-Rodriguez C, de Miguel E, Balsa A, Martin-Mola E, Seoane-Mato D, et al. Anti-TNF discontinuation and tapering strategies in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic literature review. Rheumatology. 2016;55(7):1188\u201394.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2017.69775","volume":"55","author":"A Sebastian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sebastian A, Wojtala P, Lubinski L, Mimier M, Chlebicki A, Wiland P. Disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis after discontinuation of TNF inhibitors therapy. Reumatologia. 2017;55(4):157\u201362.","journal-title":"Reumatologia."},{"issue":"10142","key":"116_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31362-X","volume":"392","author":"R Landewe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Landewe R, Sieper J, Mease P, Inman RD, Lambert RG, Deodhar A, et al. Efficacy and safety of continuing versus withdrawing adalimumab therapy in maintaining remission in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (ABILITY-3): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study. Lancet. 2018;392(10142):134\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR217","first-page":"174","volume":"33","author":"S Arends","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arends S, van der Veer E, Kamps FB, Houtman PM, Bos R, Bootsma H, et al. Patient-tailored dose reduction of TNF-alpha blocking agents in ankylosing spondylitis patients with stable low disease activity in daily clinical practice. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015;33(2):174\u201380.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew269","volume":"55","author":"W Fong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fong W, Holroyd C, Davidson B, Armstrong R, Harvey N, Dennison E, et al. The effectiveness of a real life dose reduction strategy for tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2016;55(10):1837\u201342.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3288-z","volume":"35","author":"M Almirall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Almirall M, Salman-Monte TC, Lisbona MP, Maymo J. Dose reduction of biological treatment in patients with axial spondyloarthritis in clinical remission: Are there any differences between patients who relapsed and to those who remained in low disease activity? Rheumatol Int. 2015;35(9):1565\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR220","first-page":"884","volume":"36","author":"F Lian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lian F, Zhou J, Wang Y, Chen D, Xu H, Liang L. Efficiency of dose reduction strategy of etanercept in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36(5):884\u201390.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3965-2","volume":"37","author":"MH Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen MH, Lee MH, Liao HT, Chen WS, Lai CC, Tsai CY. Health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis after tapering biologic treatment. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(2):429\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40542","volume":"70","author":"C Redondo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Redondo C, Martinez-Feito A, Plasencia-Rodriguez C, Navarro-Compan V, Nuno-Nuno L, Peiteado D, et al. Golimumab Tapering Strategy Based on Serum Drug Levels in Patients With Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70(8):1356\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"116_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plasencia C, Kneepkens EL, Wolbink G, Krieckaert CL, Turk S, Navarro-Compan V, et al. Comparing Tapering Strategy to Standard Dosing Regimen of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Patients with Spondyloarthritis in Low Disease Activity. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(9):1638\u201346.","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141128"},{"issue":"4","key":"116_CR224","first-page":"592","volume":"34","author":"JW Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park JW, Yoon YI, Lee JH, Park JK, Lee EB, Song YW, et al. Low dose etanercept treatment for maintenance of clinical remission in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34(4):592\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"116_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168958","volume":"11","author":"JW Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park JW, Kwon HM, Park JK, Choi JY, Lee EB, Song YW, et al. Impact of Dose Tapering of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor on Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0168958.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27383","volume":"62","author":"IH Song","year":"2010","unstructured":"Song IH, Heldmann F, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, Appel H, Braun J, et al. Different response to rituximab in tumor necrosis factor blocker-naive patients with active ankylosing spondylitis and in patients in whom tumor necrosis factor blockers have failed: a twenty-four-week clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(5):1290\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201926","volume":"72","author":"IH Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song IH, Heldmann F, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, Appel H, Haug-Rost I, et al. One-year follow-up of ankylosing spondylitis patients responding to rituximab treatment and re-treated in case of a flare. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(2):305\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.145946","volume":"70","author":"IH Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song IH, Heldmann F, Rudwaleit M, Haibel H, Weiss A, Braun J, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with abatacept: an open-label, 24-week pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(6):1108\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.02.018","volume":"79","author":"FK Lekpa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lekpa FK, Farrenq V, Canoui-Poitrine F, Paul M, Chevalier X, Bruckert R, et al. Lack of efficacy of abatacept in axial spondylarthropathies refractory to tumor-necrosis-factor inhibition. Joint Bone Spine : Revue Du Rhumatisme. 2012;79(1):47\u201350.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine : Revue Du Rhumatisme."},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203559","volume":"73","author":"J Sieper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sieper J, Porter-Brown B, Thompson L, Harari O, Dougados M. Assessment of short-term symptomatic efficacy of tocilizumab in ankylosing spondylitis: results of randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204963","volume":"74","author":"J Sieper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sieper J, Braun J, Kay J, Badalamenti S, Radin AR, Jiao L, et al. Sarilumab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: results of a Phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ALIGN). Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1051\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204248","volume":"73","author":"D Poddubnyy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poddubnyy D, Hermann KG, Callhoff J, Listing J, Sieper J. Ustekinumab for the treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a 28-week, prospective, open-label, proof-of-concept study (TOPAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(5):817\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"116_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Gensler LS, Sieper J, Clark M, Calderon C, Wang Y, et al. Three Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab in Axial Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;71:258\u2013270.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40728"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201915","volume":"72","author":"E Pathan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pathan E, Abraham S, Van Rossen E, Withrington R, Keat A, Charles PJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(9):1475\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210322","volume":"76","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Deodhar A, Wei JC, Drescher E, Fleishaker D, Hendrikx T, et al. Tofacitinib in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a phase II, 16-week, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(8):1340\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"116_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key104","volume":"57","author":"WP Maksymowych","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maksymowych WP, Heijde DV, Baraliakos X, Deodhar A, Sherlock SP, Li D, et al. Tofacitinib is associated with attainment of the minimally important reduction in axial magnetic resonance imaging inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Rheumatology. 2018;57(8):1390\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"10162","key":"116_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32463-2","volume":"392","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Baraliakos X, Gensler LS, Maksymowych WP, Tseluyko V, Nadashkevich O, et al. Efficacy and safety of filgotinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (TORTUGA): results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10162):2378\u201387.","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["Advances in Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42358-020-0116-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42358-020-0116-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42358-020-0116-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T05:24:22Z","timestamp":1722576262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advancesinrheumatology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42358-020-0116-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"references-count":237,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42358-020-0116-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2523-3106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2523-3106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Gustavo Gomes Resende received lecture fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; advisory board from Abbvie, Janssen, and Novartis; Research support from Brazilian Society of Rheumatology, FAPEMIG and UCB; clinical research payments from Abbvie and Pfizer; sponsorship for scientific events from Abbvie, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB.Eduardo de Souza Meirelles received payments as a speaker from Novartis, Abbvie, Abbott and Marjan; research grants from Novartis and Pfizer; support for conferences and courses from Ach\u00e9, Pfizer, Novartis, Janssen, Abbvie, Roche, and Lilly; Advisory board fee from Novartis and Marjan.Cl\u00e1udia Diniz Lopes Marques received lecture fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer and Novartis; advisory board from Novartis and Abbvie; sponsorship for events from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Novartis, and Lilly.Adriano Chiereghin received honoraria as a speaker from Janssen, Novartis, UCB, and Pfizer; support to courses and congresses from Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, UCB, and Pfizer; advisory board from Novartis and Janssen.Andre Marun Lyrio received payments from Speaker of Janssen and UCB; support to courses\/congresses from Janssen, Abbvie, Pfizer, UBC, Novartis, and Lily.Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Ximenes received payments for participation in clinical research from Abbvvie, Pfizer, Roche, BMS, and Amgen; on scientific board of Pfizer, and Abbivie; as a lecturer from AbbVie, Pfizer, and Abbott.Carla Gon\u00e7alves Saad has no conflicts of interest.C\u00e9lio Roberto Gon\u00e7alves has no conflicts of interest.Charles Lubianca Kohen received financial support for advisory board participation from Novartis; speaker fee from Janssen, Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB; support to events from Janssen, Abbvie, Roche, Astra-Zeneca, Novartis.Cl\u00e1udia Goldenstein Schainberg has participated in the pharmaceutical advisory board of AbbVie, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer; is a speaker invited by AbbVie, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer; has no stock of these pharmaceutical industries.Cristiano Barbosa Campanholo received financial support for advisory board participation from Janssen, Abbvie, Bristol, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB; speaker fee from Janssen, Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer, UCB; support to events from Janssen, Abbvie, Bristol, Novartis, and Pfizer.J\u00falio Silvio de Sousa Bueno Filho has no conflicts of interest.Lenise Brandao Pieruccetti has no conflicts of interest.Mauro Waldemar Keiserman received financial support for lectures, advisory bord and clinical research from Abbvie, Actelion, Biogen, Bristol, Celltrion, Lilly, Human Genome Sceiences, Janssen, Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB.Michel Alexandre Yazbek received financial support from Abbvie, UCB, Novartis and Lilly.Penelope Esther Palominos has no conflicts of interest.Rafaela Silva Guimar\u00e3es Goncalves received fees for lectures from Janssen, Novertis, Abbvie, Apsen, Bristol, and Pfizer; advisory board from Janssen.Ricardo da Cruz Lage received speakers fee from Abbvie and Novartis; support to scientific events from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and Abbvie; clinical research payments from Abbvie.Rodrigo Luppino Assad received fees for lectures and advisory board from Abbvie, Novartis, Janssen, UCB, Lilly, and Bristol; research support from Abbvie and UCB.Rubens Bonfiglioli received financial support for clinical research from Roche, Pfizer, Amgen, and Novartis; for scientific advisory from Lilly, Abbvie, Roche, and UCB; for support to events from Roche, Pfizer, Abbvie and Novartis; for symposia and sponsored meetings from Roche, Pfizer, and Janssen.S\u00f4nia Maria Alvarenga Anti received financial support from Abbvie, Jansen, Novartis, Lilly, and UCB.Sueli Coelho da Silva Carneiro received honorary speaker from Abbvie, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis and Pfizer; support to research from CNPq and FAPERJ; support for congresses from Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, CNPq and FAPERJ; advisory board from Janssen, Lilly, and Novartis.Thauana Lu\u00edza Oliveira received lecturer fees from Abbvie, Novartis and Janssen; support to congresses from Abbvie and Janssen.Valder\u00edlio Feij\u00f3 Azevedo is GRAPPA member; Medical diretor of Edumed Biotech; received for clinical research from Pfizer, Roche, Janssen, Bristol, Abbvie, Medimmune, Boehringer, GSK, USB, Sanofi, Takeda, Bird Rock Bio, and NovoNordisk; financial support to events and lectures from Pfizer, Hospira, Roche, MSD, BMS, Merck Senoro, Janssen, Novertis, Celltrion, UCB, and AztraZeneca.Washington Alves Bianchi has no conflicts of interest.Wanderley Marques Bernardo has no conflicts of interest.Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro received financial support for advisory board from Novartis and Janssen; by lectures from Novartis, Janssen, Abbvie.Percival Degrava Sampaio-Barros received for participation in lectures, boards or scientific events from laboratories Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}