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Two groups were compared: patients who repeated TST (<jats:italic>TST-repetition<\/jats:italic>) during the follow-up and patients who did not (<jats:italic>non-TST-repetition<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 355 CIA patients on TNFi were screened and 138 (38.9%) did not fulfill the inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 217 CIA patients, 81 (37.3%) repeated TST during TNFi treatment. TST conversion rate was observed in 18 (22.2%) patients without significant differences among CIA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.578). The number of TB cases was low (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910; 4.6%) and was similar in <jats:italic>TST-repetition<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>non-TST-repetition<\/jats:italic> groups [2 (2.5%) vs. 8 (5.9%), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.328]. Of note, 30% of active TB occurred early (6\u201312 months of TNFi exposure) and the median (full range) time to incident TB was 1.3 (0.6\u201310.6) years, whereas the median (full range) time to TST repetition was later [3.3 (0.5\u201313.4) years]. The incidence of active TB was lower among RA patients than AS patients [342 (95% CI 41\u2009\u2212\u20091446) vs. 1.454 (95% CI 594-2993)\/100,000 patient-years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049].<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results indicate that TST repetition is associated with a high conversion rate, suggesting the need for recommended treatment. The delayed repetition of TST and low number of active TB cases hampered the evaluation of this strategy effectiveness to prevent active infection. Larger studies with systematic repetition patterns are necessary. In addition, the study highlights the need for a greater surveillance for TB in AS patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-024-00406-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T10:03:02Z","timestamp":1726221782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tuberculin skin test repetition after TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis: a long-term retrospective cohort in endemic area"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8662-4786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"de Oliveira Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3547-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Rossi","family":"Bonfiglioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina More Frade","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-4681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloisa","family":"Bonf\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7168-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"de Medeiros-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9720-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Gon\u00e7alves S.","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1896-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Medeiros Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"406_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(11):1914\u201320.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Advances in Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42358-024-00406-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42358-024-00406-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42358-024-00406-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T22:33:17Z","timestamp":1757111597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advancesinrheumatology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42358-024-00406-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42358-024-00406-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2523-3106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2523-3106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research at the Federal University of Sao Paulo (CAAE:95120618.6.0000.5505) and at Hospital das Clinicas - University of Sao Paulo (CAAE:01795518.6.0000.0068), in accordance with the resolution 466 from CONEP (National Committee of Ethics in Research; CNS\/466), as well as following all regulatory guidelines and standards regarding the data confidentiality and privacy, and the General Data Protection Law.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"We assure that the data presented here was not published elsewhere and the article has not been submitted to any other journal. We give our consent for the publication of the manuscript \u201cTuberculin Skin Test Repetition After TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis: A Long-Term Retrospective Cohort in Endemic Area\u201d.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"70"}}