{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:53:42Z","timestamp":1788976422548,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Rheumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with childhood onset Systemic Lupus Erithematosus (cSLE) and controls from Northeastern Brazil and to verify its association with specific SLE parameters and cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of MetS was assessed cross-sectionally in 58 patients with cSLE and 33 age -matched controls. Information was collected by clinical examination and standardized questionnaires, investigating personal and family history of cardiovascular disease and obesity and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of MetS was higher in cSLE patients than in controls according to both ABRAN criteria (8.6% vs. 0%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.083) and IDF criteria (10,3% vs. 3.0%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.208), but without statistical significance. Importantly, 91.4% of patients were from a low-income household. Patients with MetS according to ABRAN also had lower ESR levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039), higher total cholesterol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013), HDL-c (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) and triglycerides (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and a lower albumin level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016). Patients with MetS according to IDF had higher SDI scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039) and higher C3 and C4 levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression identified higher levels C4 (OR\u2009=\u200932.6; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.0-544.0; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) and increase in the number of leukocytes (OR\u2009=\u20091.9, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.1\u20133.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022) as independent risk factors for MetS in patients with cSLE.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of Mets in the patients with cSLE seems to be low in this population. There was association of MetS with higher cumulative damage indices and levels of complement. We did not observe any association with clinical manifestations, autoantibody profile and dose of corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-025-00464-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:08:25Z","timestamp":1751875705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in low-income childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4700-5672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Gomes","family":"Iannini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Ewerton Maia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"464_CR1","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Textbook of paediatric rheumatology","author":"MS Klein-Gitelman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klein-Gitelman MS, Beresford MW. 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Written consent forms were signed by all participants and their guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"We assure that the data presented here was not published elsewhere and the article has not been submitted to any other journal. We give our consent for the publication of the manuscript \u201c Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in low-income childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients \u201c. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose regarding the publication of this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"31"}}