{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:05:42Z","timestamp":1789607142207,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":82,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Rheumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Septic arthritis (SA) is a rapidly progressive joint disease that can lead to cartilage damage if not treated promptly. A prompt and accurate distinction between SA and inflammatory arthritis (IA) is essential for establishing an optimal treatment plan. Progranulin (PRGN), an anti-inflammatory glycoprotein involved in various autoimmune diseases, has rarely been studied as a diagnostic biomarker for infectious arthritis. However, its precise role in this context remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of synovial fluid PRGN (SF-PRGN) in distinguishing SA from IA and osteoarthritis (OA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This single-center, cross-sectional study included 59 patients who underwent synovial fluid aspiration and were categorized into three groups: SA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923), IA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918), and OA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918). SA was diagnosed based on a positive synovial fluid culture or fulfillment of clinical criteria suggestive of infection. SF-PRGN levels were measured using ELISA, and synovial fluid C-reactive protein (SF-CRP) levels were determined using an immunoturbidimetric assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean SF-PRGN levels were higher in the SA (339.77\u2009\u00b1\u2009142.16 ng\/mL) and IA (300.52\u2009\u00b1\u2009159.60 ng\/mL) groups than in the OA group (133.44\u2009\u00b1\u200941.77 ng\/mL), indicating a statistically significant difference between the inflammatory and non-inflammatory groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, the SF-PRGN did not significantly differentiate between SA and IA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.803). In contrast, SF-CRP levels were markedly elevated in SA (61.91\u2009\u00b1\u200946.84\u00a0mg\/L) and demonstrated strong discriminatory power between SA and IA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; AUC: 0.795,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although SF-PRGN levels are elevated in inflammatory arthritis, they lack specificity for SA. SF-CRP exhibited superior diagnostic accuracy in differentiating SA from IA. These findings underscore the need for further research on reliable biomarkers of SA in larger patient cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial number not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-026-00559-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T13:35:57Z","timestamp":1782567357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy of synovial fluid progranulin vs. C-reactive protein in septic arthritis: a comparative biomarker study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2670-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toktam\u0131\u015f","family":"Sava\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130pek","family":"Ko\u00e7er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6052-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Albayrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3547-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurcihan Yavuz","family":"Sava\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4942-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131","family":"Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3073-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00fcnyamin","family":"K\u0131sac\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"559_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domaga\u0142a A, Macura B, Piekarz K, Kiecka A. 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