{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T03:57:38Z","timestamp":1778558258401,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017268","name":"Berlin Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Junior Clinician Scientist Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Junior Clinician Scientist Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol. Res. Pract."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Due to its unspecific clinical presentation and the multitude of possible etiologies, chronic meningoencephalitis in immunosuppressed patients often represents a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report the clinical, radiological, cerebrospinal fluid, and microbiological findings of a 54-year-old male immunocompromised patient with mantle cell lymphoma and a 2-month history of brainstem and spinal meningoencephalitis. After unsuccessful treatment trials with antibiotics, a <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> infection was confirmed by biopsy of a spinal cord lesion and large-volume cerebrospinal fluid culture. Therapy with liposomal amphotericin B\/flucytosine and subsequent fluconazole resulted in significant clinical improvement. This case illustrates the importance of identifying the underlying cause of chronic meningoencephalitides in immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-025-00375-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T23:02:40Z","timestamp":1740956560000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic Candida albicans meningoencephalitis in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma: a diagnostic challenge"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes L.","family":"Busch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Schikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0596-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa-Marie","family":"Wackernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1137-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawed","family":"Nawabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1962-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klemens","family":"Ruprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2022.054","volume":"35","author":"LL Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, L. L., Zhang, C., & Peng, J. P. (2022). Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the clinical diagnosis of Infectious diseases. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences: BES, 35(5), 381\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3967\/bes2022.054","journal-title":"Biomedical and Environmental Sciences: BES"},{"issue":"1","key":"375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa035","volume":"59","author":"CA Hobson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hobson, C. A., Desoubeaux, G., Carvalho-Schneider, C., Destrieux, C., Cottier, J. P., Garot, D., Le Brun, C., Maakaroun, Z., Lemaignen, A., Bailly, \u00c9., & Bernard, L. (2021). Challenging diagnosis of chronic cerebral fungal infection: Value of (1\u21923)-\u00df-D-glucan and mannan antigen testing in cerebrospinal fluid and of cerebral ventricle puncture. Medical Mycology, 59(1), 74\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myaa035","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"issue":"3","key":"375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piv014","volume":"5","author":"CM Salvatore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salvatore, C. M., Chen, T. K., Toussi, S. S., DeLaMora, P., Petraitiene, R., Finkelman, M. A., & Walsh, T. J. (2016). (1\u21923)-\u03b2-d-Glucan in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a biomarker for Candida and Aspergillus infections of the Central Nervous System in Pediatric patients. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 5(3), 277\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpids\/piv014","journal-title":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115016","volume":"97","author":"MA Pfaller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pfaller, M. A., Carvalhaes, C. G., Smith, C. J., Diekema, D. J., & Castanheira, M. (2020). Bacterial and fungal pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infection: Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2012\u20132017). Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 97(2), 115016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115016","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90757-5","volume":"76","author":"SA Lipton","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lipton, S. A., Hickey, W. F., Morris, J. H., & Loscalzo, J. (1984). Candidal infection in the central nervous system. The American Journal of Medicine, 76(1), 101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90757-5","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310017573","volume":"36","author":"TL Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen, T. L., Chen, H. P., Fung, C. P., Lin, M. Y., Yu, K. W., & Liu, C. Y. (2004). Clinical characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors of candidal meningitis in a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 36(2), 124\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365540310017573","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.1.60","volume":"19","author":"RA Voice","year":"1994","unstructured":"Voice, R. A., Bradley, S. F., Sangeorzan, J. A., & Kauffman, C. A. (1994). Chronic candidal meningitis: An uncommon manifestation of Candidiasis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 19(1), 60\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/19.1.60","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00140-1","volume":"37","author":"J S\u00e1nchez\u2013Portocarrero","year":"2000","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez\u2013Portocarrero, J., P\u00e9rez\u2013Cecilia, E., Corral, O., Romero\u2013Vivas, J., & Picazo, J. J. (2000). The central nervous system and infection by Candida species. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 37(3), 169\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00140-1","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00503-3","volume":"10","author":"C Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl, C., Kanj, S. S., Govender, N. P., Thompson, G. R., Ostrosky- Zeichner, L., & Govrins, M. A. (2024). Invasive candidiasis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 10(1), 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-024-00503-3","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"7","key":"375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2013.789566","volume":"51","author":"AM Fennelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fennelly, A. M., Slenker, A. K., Murphy, L. C., Moussouttas, M., & Desimone, J. A. (2013). Candida cerebral abscesses: A case report and review of the literature. Medical Mycology, 51(7), 779\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13693786.2013.789566","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"issue":"1","key":"375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu737","volume":"60","author":"JL Lyons","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lyons, J. L., Erkkinen, M. G., & Vodopivec, I. (2015). Cerebrospinal fluid (1,3)- -D-Glucan in isolated Candida Meningitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(1), 161\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciu737","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.867-870.2004","volume":"42","author":"FM Verduyn Lunel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verduyn Lunel, F. M., Voss, A., Kuijper, E. J., Gelinck, L. B. S., Hoogerbrugge, P. M., Liem, K. L., Kullberg, B. J., & Verweij, P. E. (2004). Detection of the Candida Antigen Mannan in Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients suspected of having Candida Meningitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42(2), 867\u2013870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.42.2.867-870.2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02094","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02094-19","volume":"58","author":"C Davis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davis, C., Wheat, L. J., Myint, T., Boulware, D. R., & Bahr, N. C. (2020). Efficacy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-d-Glucan Diagnostic Testing for Fungal meningitis: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 58(4), e02094\u2013e02019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02094-19","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"375_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw155","volume":"27","author":"M Schmidt-Hieber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmidt-Hieber, M., Silling, G., Schalk, E., Heinz, W., Panse, J., Penack, O., Christopeit, M., Buchheidt, D., Meyding-Lamad\u00e9, U., H\u00e4hnel, S., Wolf, H. H., Ruhnke, M., Schwartz, S., & Maschmeyer, G. (2016). CNS infections in patients with hematological disorders (including allogeneic stem-cell transplantation)-Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Annals of Oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 27(7), 1207\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdw155","journal-title":"Annals of Oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology"},{"issue":"6","key":"375_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199906000-00019","volume":"27","author":"P Eggimann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eggimann, P., Francioli, P., Bille, J., Schneider, R., Wu, M. M., Chapuis, G., Chiolero, R., Pannatier, A., Schilling, J., Geroulanos, S., Glauser, M. P., & Calandra, T. (1999). Fluconazole prophylaxis prevents intra-abdominal candidiasis in high-risk surgical patients. Critical Care Medicine, 27(6), 1066\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199906000-00019","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"375_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10408410903241444","volume":"36","author":"MA Pfaller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pfaller, M. A., & Diekema, D. J. (2010). Epidemiology of Invasive mycoses in North America. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 36(1), 1\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10408410903241444","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Neurological Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00375-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00375-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00375-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T23:02:43Z","timestamp":1740956563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/neurolrespract.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00375-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00375-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication has been obtained from the patient in written form.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15"}}