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Pract."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) is a neurostimulation intervention that can improve swallowing and facilitate decannulation in tracheotomised stroke patients with dysphagia. The PHAryngeal electrical stimulation for treatment of neurogenic Dysphagia European Registry (PHADER) study found that PES can reduce dysphagia severity in patients with neurogenic (non-stroke) dysphagia who required mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy. However, the predictive factors for treatment success among these patients remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a subgroup analysis using data from PHADER, with a focus on non-stroke participants who had required mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy. Multiple linear regression was performed to predict treatment success, as measured in improvement in dysphagia severity rating scale (DSRS) total score, accounting for age, sex, time from diagnosis to PES, PES perceptual threshold and PES stimulation intensity at the first session.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifty-seven participants (mean[standard deviation] age: 63.6[15.5] years; male: 70.2%) were included in the analysis. These comprised traumatic brain injury (22[38.6%]), critical illness polyneuropathy (15[26.4%]), and other neurological conditions that caused dysphagia (20[35.0%]). Regression analyses identified that a lower PES perceptual threshold at the first session (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027) and early intervention (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) were significant predictors associated with treatment success at Day 9 and 3 months post PES respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified two predictive factors associated with successful PES treatment in patients with neurogenic (non-stroke) dysphagia requiring mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy: a lower PES perceptual threshold at the first session and early intervention. These predictors provide critical guidance for optimizing clinical decision-making in managing non-stroke neurogenic dysphagia patients in critical care settings.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-025-00380-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T23:03:11Z","timestamp":1743980591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical predictors of outcome after pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) in non-stroke related neurogenic dysphagia after mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy: results from subgroup analysis of PHADER study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ivy","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Bath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Muhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Dziewas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9858-6756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Suntrup-Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"380_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14998","volume":"28","author":"S Marin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marin, S., Serra-Prat, M., Ortega, O., Audouard Fericgla, M., Valls, J., Palomera, E., et al. 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Route of feeding as a proxy for dysphagia after stroke and the effect of transdermal Glyceryl trinitrate: Data from the efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke randomised controlled trial. Transl Stroke Res, 9(2), 120\u2013129.","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"}],"container-title":["Neurological Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00380-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00380-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00380-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T23:03:13Z","timestamp":1743980593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/neurolrespract.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00380-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00380-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The PHADER study including subsequent subgroup analyses was approved by the National\/Local Research Ethics Committees of all participating sites. Patients signed a standard Research Ethics Committee approved Informed Consent Form explaining the conditions of study participation; where allowed, a legal representative of patients lacking capacity gave proxy consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr Bath is Stroke Association Professor of Stroke Medicine and is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator; he reports receiving grant funding from the British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council (MRC) and NIHR, was a co-Chief Investigator of PHADER and reports personal fees from Phagenesis Ltd, CoMind Technologies Ltd, DiaMedica Thereapeutics Inc. and Roche Holding AG.Dr Hamdy is Chief Scientific Officer of Phagenesis Ltd. and holds shares in Phagenesis Ltd; he reports receiving grant funding from the MRC, NIHR and Wellcome Trust; was a co-Chief Investigator of PHADER, a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Medical Technologies Advisory Committee (NICE MTAC) committee member and interim chair until October 2022 and reviews medical technologies for potential guidance for use in the National Health Service (NHS), UK.Dr Muhle reports receiving speaker fees from Phagenesis Ltd.Dr Mistry is an employee of Phagenesis Ltd.Dr Dziewas was Chief Investigator of PHADER and reports receiving honoraria\/fees from Bayer Pharma AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Nestl\u00e9, Olympus Corporation, Sanofi and Pfizer Corporation Ltd.Dr Suntrup-Krueger is supported with an endowed professorship by the Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung and reports receiving grants from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and speaker fees from Phagenesis Ltd.Dr Ivy Cheng have no declarations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23"}}