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Res. Pract."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epidemiology and treatment of HIV changed substantially within the last three decades. However, HIV-associated neurological disorders such as mild forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) as well as HIV-associated distal symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy are amongst the most frequent complications in patients with longstanding HIV infection. Opportunistic infections occur less frequently compared to former years, but especially in patients with late presentation of HIV progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (0.7 per 1,000 patient-years), toxoplasma encephalitis (0.4 per 1,000 patient-years) and cryptococcal meningitis (0.2 per 1,000 patient-years) remain the most common opportunistic infections. 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Clinical Infectious Diseases, 48(6), 816\u2013821.","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["Neurological Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00519-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00519-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00519-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T17:02:03Z","timestamp":1786640523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00519-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00519-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"K. Hahn received financial reimbursement for consulting, advisory board activities, speaker fees and\/or contributions to congresses and travel support to attend scientific meetings by Akcea Therapeuticals Inc., Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Amicus, AstraZeneca, Bayer Vital GmbH, BridgeBio, GSK, Hormosan, Takeda Pharmaceutical Inc., Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Inc., Purpose Pharma, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum Inc and ViiV Healthcare GmbH. KH further received research funding by the foundation Charit\u00e9 (BIH clinical fellow and digital accelerator), Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Amicus, AstraZeneca, Hormosan and Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. KH is a board member of the European CMT Research Association (ECRA), a member of the European Reference Network for Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD) a member of International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA), the Peripheral Nerve Society (PNS) and DGAK. None of this is related to the manuscript. CE erhielt Honorare f\u00fcr Vortr\u00e4ge und\/oder Teilnahme an Advisory Boards und\/oder Kongre\u00dfunterst\u00fctzung der Firmen GSK, Argenx, Amicus, UCB, Roche, Alnylam und Astra-Zeneca.and handling of conflicts of interest:","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"65"}}