{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T16:28:17Z","timestamp":1793896097128,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authorities","award":["2015005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol. Res. Pract."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To present the secondary endpoints at one-year blinded follow-up from our randomized controlled study, that compared the efficacy of DBS in the ventral-intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) with the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) three months each in crossover design, and showed significantly greater reduction of the Sum dominant arm tremor score (Fahn-Tolosa-Marin) during the PSA-DBS period. The outcomes at one year are now reported to verify target choice and sustained benefit with clinically optimized free programming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-five patients with isolated or combined arm action tremor received four-level DBS leads to reach both VIM (upper two levels) and PSA (lower two), and were randomized post-operatively to VIM-DBS month 1\u20133 followed by PSA-DBS month 4\u20136, or vice versa. Thereafter electrode choice was free as judged by best clinical outcome. Predefined secondary endpoints were the tremor score improvements from preoperative to the one-year follow-up for dominant and non-dominant arm, other body regions, total score, two patient-rated measures and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the one-year follow-up, Sum dominant arm tremor scores had improved from median 24 at baseline to 4\n                      <jats:italic>(p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200943), corresponding to median 79% improvement. All other secondary endpoints also improved significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). Median action tremor improvement was for Essential tremor(ET) 83%, for Parkinson\u00b4s disease(PD) and Dystonic tremor 100% and for Cerebellar tremor 55%. Over 90% of stimulated contacts were in PSA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At one year, good and sustained tremor suppression from PSA-DBS was confirmed in ET, PD and Dystonic tremor. Suppression of Cerebellar tremor was more variable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT03156517, May 29, 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-026-00537-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:25:08Z","timestamp":1791527108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep brain stimulation for arm tremor: one-year blinded follow-up of a randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nadja","family":"Kvernmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin M.","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Roothans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ane E.","family":"Konglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Are H.","family":"Pripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Dietrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Volkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7811-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inger Marie","family":"Skogseid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121","volume":"33","author":"KP Bhatia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhatia, K. P., Bain, P., Bajaj, N., et al. (2018). Consensus Statement on the classification of tremors. From the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Movement Disorders, 33, 75\u201387.","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"537_CR2","first-page":"128","volume":"11","author":"SA Schneider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneider, S. A., & Deuschl, G. (2014). The Treatment of Tremor Neurotherapeutics ;11(1): 128\u2013138.","journal-title":"The Treatment of Tremor Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"537_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91175-T","volume":"337","author":"AL Benabid","year":"1991","unstructured":"Benabid, A. L., Pollak, P., Gervason, C., et al. (1991). Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. Lancet, 337, 403\u2013406.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"537_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420703","volume":"342","author":"PR Schuurman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schuurman, P. R., Bosch, D. A., Bossuyt, P. M. M., et al. (2000). A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. New England Journal Of Medicine, 342, 461\u2013468.","journal-title":"New England Journal Of Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"537_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000316290.83360.7e","volume":"62","author":"E Papavassiliou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Papavassiliou, E., Rau, G., Heath, S., et al. (2008). Thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: relation of lead location to outcome. Neurosurgery, 62(Suppl 2), 884\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.neu.0000316290.83360.7e","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"13","key":"537_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004295","volume":"89","author":"RG Cury","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cury, R. G., Fraix, V., Castrioto, A., et al. (2017). Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor in Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Neurology, 89(13), 1416\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004295","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"537_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1073","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008875","volume":"94","author":"T Tsuboi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsuboi, T., Jabarkheel, Z., Zeilman, P. R., et al. (2020). Longitudinal follow-up with VIM thalamic deep brain stimulation for dystonic or essential tremor. Neurology, 94(10), e1073\u2013e1084. PMID: 32047071.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"537_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.06.019","volume":"89","author":"D Kuebler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuebler, D., Kroneberg, D., Al-Fatly, B., et al. (2021). Determining an efficient deep brain stimulation target in essential tremor \u2013 Cohort study and review of the literature. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 89, 54\u201362.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"537_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27821","volume":"34","author":"A Fasano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fasano, A., & Helmich, R. C. (2019). Tremor Habituation to Deep Brain Stimulation: Underlying Mechanisms and Solutions. Movement Disorders, 34(12), 1761\u20131773.","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"537_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.4.0708","volume":"99","author":"J Murata","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murata, J., Kitagawa, M., Uesugi, H., et al. (2003). Electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area for the treatment of intractable proximal tremor. Case Report Journal Of Neurosurgery, 99(4), 708\u2013715.","journal-title":"Case Report Journal Of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"537_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.112334","volume":"79","author":"P Plaha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Plaha, P., Khan, S., & Gill, S. S. (2008). Bilateral stimulation of the caudal zona incerta nucleus for tremor control. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych, 79, 504\u2013513.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psych"},{"key":"537_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22758","volume":"25","author":"P Blomstedt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blomstedt, P., Sandvik, U., & Tisch, S. (2010). Deep Brain Stimulation in the Posterior Subthalamic Area in the Treatment of Essential Tremor. Movement Disorders, 25, 1350\u20131356.","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"537_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm077","volume":"130","author":"J Herzog","year":"2007","unstructured":"Herzog, J., Hamel, W., Wenzelburger, R., et al. (2007). Kinematic analysis of thalamic versus subthalamic neurostimulation in postural and intention tremor. Brain, 130(Pt 6), 1608\u20131625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awm077 Epub 2007 Apr 17.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"537_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26317","volume":"91","author":"N Kvernmo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kvernmo, N., Konglund, A. E., Reich, M. M., Roothans, J., Pripp, A. H., Dietrichs, E., Volkmann, J., & Skogseid, I. M. (2022). Deep Brain Stimulation for Arm Tremor: A Randomized Trial Comparing Two Targets. Annals Of Neurology, 91(5), 585\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26317 Epub 2022 Mar 14.","journal-title":"Annals Of Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"537_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26324","volume":"91","author":"A Nowacki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nowacki, A., Barlatey, S., Al-Fatly, B., et al. (2022). Probabilistic Mapping Reveals Optimal Stimulation Site in Essential Tremor. Annals Of Neurology, 91(5), 602\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26324 Epub 2022 Mar 3.","journal-title":"Annals Of Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"537_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26326","volume":"91","author":"C Neudorfer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neudorfer, C., Kroneberg, D., Al-Fatly, B., et al. (2022). Personalizing Deep Brain Stimulation Using Advanced Imaging Sequences. Annals Of Neurology, 91(5), 613\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26326","journal-title":"Annals Of Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"537_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ana","volume":"91","author":"MD Fox","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fox, M. D., & Deuschl, G. (2022). Converging on a Neuromodulation Target for Tremor. Annals Of Neurology, 91(5), 581\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana26361.Epub 2022 Apr 8.","journal-title":"Annals Of Neurology"},{"key":"537_CR18","unstructured":"Fahn, S., Tolosa, E., & Marin, C. (1988). Clinical rating scale for tremor. In J. Jancovic, & E. Tolosa (Eds.), Parkinson\u2019s disease and movement disorders (pp. 225\u2013234). Williams and Wilkins."},{"key":"537_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.05.009","volume":"11","author":"AI Troester","year":"2005","unstructured":"Troester, A. I., Pahwa, R., Fields, J., et al. (2005). Quality of life in essential tremor questionnaire: development and initial validation. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 11, 367\u2013373.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"key":"537_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scand, 67, 361\u2013370.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scand"},{"key":"537_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.027","volume":"62","author":"A Trasch\u00fctz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trasch\u00fctz, A., van Gaalen, J., Oosterloo, M., et al. (2019). The movement disorder spectrum of SCA21 (ATX-TMEM240): 3 novel families and systematic review of the literature. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 62, 215\u2013220. Epub 2018 Nov 29. PMID: 30522958.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"issue":"14","key":"537_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820943488","volume":"35","author":"ED Burdekin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burdekin, E. D., Fogel, B. L., Jeste, S. S., et al. (2020). The Neurodevelopmental and Motor Phenotype of SCA21 (ATX-TMEM240). Journal Of Child Neurology, 35(14), 953\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073820943488","journal-title":"Journal Of Child Neurology"},{"key":"537_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Minnerop, M., Kurzwelly, D., Wagner, H. (2017). Hypomorphic mutations in POLR3A are a frequent cause of sporadic and recessive spastic ataxia. Brain, 140(6):1561\u20131578. . PMID: 28459997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx095","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx095"},{"key":"537_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rydning, S. L., Koht, J., Sheng, Y. (2019). Biallelic POLR3A variants confirmed as a frequent cause of hereditary ataxia and spastic paraparesis. Brain , April 142(4): e12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awz041","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz041"},{"issue":"6","key":"537_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005956","volume":"91","author":"MT Barbe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbe, M. T., Reker, P., Hamacher, S., et al. (2018). DBS of the PSA and the VIM in essential tremor. Neurology, 91(6), e543\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005956 Epub 2018 Jul 3.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"537_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nici.2020.102235","volume":"26","author":"TA Dembek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dembek, T. A., Petry-Schmelzer, J. N., Reker, P., et al. (2020). PSA and VIM DBS efficiency in essential tremor depends on distance to the dentatorubrothalamic tract. NeuroImage Clinicial, 26, 102235. doi.org10.1016\/j.nici.2020.102235","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinicial"},{"key":"537_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinneuro.2019.105466","volume":"185","author":"HL Low","year":"2019","unstructured":"Low, H. L., Ismail, M. N., Taqvi, A., et al. (2019). Comparison of posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation for tremor using conventional landmarks versus directly targeting the dentatorubrothalamic tract with tractography. Clinical Neurology And Neurosurgery, 185, 105466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinneuro.2019.105466","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology And Neurosurgery"},{"key":"537_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsuboi, T., Wong, J. K., Eisinger, R. S. (2021). Comparative connectivity correlates of dystonic and essential tremor deep brain stimulation. Brain, 144(6),:1774\u20131786. . PMID: 33889943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab074","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab074"},{"key":"537_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gallay, M. N., Moser, D., Rossi, F. (2020). MRgFUS Pallidothalamic Tractotomy for Chronic Therapy-Resistant Parkinson\u2019s Disease in 51 Consecutive Patients: Single Center Experience. Front Surg Jan 14:6:76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2019.00076","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2019.00076"},{"issue":"8","key":"537_CR30","first-page":"1668","volume":"26","author":"D Deuter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deuter, D., Torka, E., Kohl, Z., Schmidt, N. O., & Schlaier, J. (2023). Mediation of Tremor Control by the Decussating and Nondecussating Part of the Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic Tract in Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential Tremor. Which Part Should Be Stimulated? Neuromodulation, 26(8), 1668\u20131679. Epub 2022 Jun 15. PMID: 35715283.","journal-title":"Which Part Should Be Stimulated? Neuromodulation"},{"key":"537_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2024.103576","volume":"41","author":"BEA Sajonz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sajonz, B. E. A., Frommer, M. L., Reisert, M. L., et al. (2024). Disbalanced recruitment of crossed and uncrossed cerebello-thalamic pathways during deep brain brain stimulation is predictive of delayed therapy failure in essential tremor. NeuroImage: Clinical, 41, 103576.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"537_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dirkx, M. F., Zach, H., van Nuland, A. (2019). Cerebral differences between dopamine-resistant and dopamine-responsive Parkinson\u2019s tremor. Brain, 142(10):3144\u20133157. . PMID: 31509182 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awz261","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz261"},{"key":"537_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hofmann, A. L., Widmann, J., Brandstetter, L., et al (2025). Development and application of a clinical core data set for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease, dystonia or tremor: from data collection to data exchange and data sharing. Neurol Res Pract, 7:5\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-024-00362-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-024-00362-z"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-026-00549-6","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793836800000}}],"container-title":["Neurological Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00537-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00537-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00537-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T16:17:05Z","timestamp":1793895425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00537-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00537-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"TThe original online version of this article was revised. Due to a typesetting mistake, the following sentence, which is part of the main text, was inadvertently added also as part of the caption for table 3 and has now been removed. \"Significant improvements at one-year follow-up were also found for HADS Anxiety (p=.021) and Depression scores (p=.003) (n=41), and in the minority of patients with scores above cut-off at baseline (HADS-A, n=7, p=.043, HADS-D, n=5, p=.043, Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests).\"","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2026","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00549-6","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-026-00549-6","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics of South-Eastern Norway (2013\/1013) and the Personvernombud (Privacy Ombudsman), Oslo University Hospital, before the intiation of the study. It was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03156517, May 29, 2017). Written informed consent to participate and consent to publication was obtained from all patients prior to inclusion. The study was performed according to the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and later amendments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Medtronic \u00ae and Boston Scientific \u00ae are both manufacturers of the DBS devices that have been used in this study. NK, JR and AHP report no conflicts of interest. MMR reports grants from Boston Scientific and honoraria for lectures from Boston Scientific and Medtronic, not directly related to the submitted work. AEK reports travel support and honoraria from Boston Scientific for a lecture at a scientific DBS meeting arranged by them, and from Medtronic to a hospital visit. ED reports honoraria for lectures from AbbVie, Lobsor and Nordic Infucare (all manufacturers of dopaminergic medication pumps used in PD) . JV reports grants and consulting fees from Boston Scientific and Medtronic, consulting fees from Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Newronika and Ceregate (all DBS device manufacturers), and honoraria for lectures for these four companies plus Abbott (DBS manufacturer), Abbvie, Zambon and Bial (manufacturers of dopaminergic drugs), not directly related to the submitted work. IMS reports honoraria for lectures at scientific meetings\/courses about DBS from Boston Scientific, travel support from Boston Scientific and Medtronic to scientific meetings arranged by them, and from Medtronic to a hospital visit. None of the activities mentioned above were directly related to the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"82"}}