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Management is particularly complex in individuals with intellectual disabilities, who are at a much higher risk of having severe seizures compared to the general population. People with intellectual disabilities are regularly excluded from epilepsy research, despite having significantly higher risks of negative health outcomes and early mortality. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI)\u00a0have shown great potential in improving the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of epilepsy. Machine learning techniques have been used in analysing electroencephalography data for efficient seizure detection and prediction, as well as individualised treatment, which facilitates timely and customised intervention for individuals with epilepsy. Research and implementation of AI-based solutions for people with intellectual disabilities and epilepsy still remains limited due to\u00a0a lack of accessible long-term clinical data for model training, difficulties in communicating with people with intellectual disabilities, and ethical challenges in ensuring the safety of the AI systems for this population. This paper presents an overview of recent AI applications in epilepsy and for people with intellectual disabilities, highlighting\u00a0key challenges and the necessity of including\u00a0people with intellectual disabilities in research on AI and epilepsy, and potential strategies to promote the development and use of\u00a0AI applications for this vulnerable population. Given the prevalence and consequences associated with epilepsy in people with intellectual disabilities, the application of AI in epilepsy care has the potential to have a significant positive impact. To achieve this impact and to avoid increasing existing health inequity, there is an urgent need for greater inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in research around the application of AI to epilepsy care and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42494-025-00205-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T06:26:24Z","timestamp":1739946384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The use of AI in epilepsy and its applications for people with intellectual disabilities: commentary"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7628-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison","family":"Milne-Ives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8960-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosiered","family":"Brownson-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0292-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananya","family":"Ananthakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1128-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8261-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cen","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9395-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin P.","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2484-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Meinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"205_CR1","unstructured":"Epilepsy. 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The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13"}}