{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:57:04Z","timestamp":1785333424609,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"university of wisconsin oshkosh faculty development program and office of student research and creative activity"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"national institute of general medical sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM130443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM130443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["anim microbiome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (<jats:italic>Ictidomys tridecemlineatus<\/jats:italic>) are obligate hibernators and are only active 4\u20135\u00a0months annually. During this period, squirrels rapidly acquire fat for use during hibernation. We investigated how the gut microbiome changed over the active season in the mucosa and lumen of two gut sections: the cecum and ileum. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to assess diversity and composition of the squirrel gut microbiome and used differential abundance and network analyses to identify relationships among gut sections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microbial composition significantly differed between the cecum and ileum, and within the ileum between the mucosa and lumen. Cecum mucosa and lumen samples did not differ in alpha diversity and composition, and clustered by individual squirrel. Ileum mucosa and lumen samples differed in community composition, which can likely be attributed to the transient nature of food-associated bacteria in the lumen. We did not detect a shift in microbiome diversity and overall composition over the duration of the active season, indicating that the squirrel microbiome may be relatively robust to changes in physiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, we found that the 13-lined ground squirrel microbiome is shaped by microenvironment during the active season. Our results provide baseline data for new avenues of research, such as investigating potential differences in microbial function among these physiologically unique gut environments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-021-00117-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T07:04:04Z","timestamp":1628838244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Gut microbiome is affected by gut region but robust to host physiological changes in captive active-season ground squirrels"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Grond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney C.","family":"Kurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Hatton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Sonsalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khrystyne N.","family":"Duddleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"117_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.07.002","volume":"26","author":"M Rosenbaum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenbaum M, Knight R, Leibel RL. The gut microbiota in human energy homeostasis and obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2015;26:493\u2013501.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"117_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.030","volume":"136","author":"H Tilg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tilg H, Moschen AR, Kaser A. Obesity and the microbiota. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:1476\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.030.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"117_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-016-0528-7","author":"GK John","year":"2016","unstructured":"John GK, Mullin GE. The gut microbiome and obesity. Curr Oncol Rep. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-016-0528-7.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","volume":"444","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006;444:1027\u201331.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"117_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.111\/nature06264","volume":"20","author":"Y Ravussin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ravussin Y, Koren O, Spor A, Leduc C, Gutman R, Stombaugh J, et al. Responses of gut microbiota to diet composition and weight loss in lean and obese mice. Obesity. 2012;20:738\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2011.111\/nature06264.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"117_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecomte V, Kaakoush NO, Maloney CA, Raipuria M, Huinao KD, Mitchell HM, et al. Changes in gut microbiota in rats fed a high fat diet correlate with obesity-associated metabolic parameters. PLoS One. 2015;10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126931"},{"key":"117_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00387.2012","volume":"304","author":"HV Carey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carey HV, Walters WA, Knight R. Seasonal restructuring of the ground squirrel gut microbiota over the annual hibernation cycle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013;304:33\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"117_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105","volume":"66","author":"F Geiser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Geiser F. Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor. Annu Rev Physiol. 2004;66:239\u201374.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"117_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13712","volume":"19","author":"JJ Hatton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hatton JJ, Stevenson TJ, Buck CL, Duddleston KN. Diet affects arctic ground squirrel gut microbial metatranscriptome independent of community structure. Environ Microbiol. 2017;19:1518\u201335.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","volume":"505","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505:559\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12820.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"117_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552","volume":"14","author":"GP Donaldson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donaldson GP, Lee SM, Mazmanian SK. Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;14:20\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064740","volume":"37","author":"HV Carey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carey HV, Assadi-Porter FM. The Hibernator Microbiome: Host-bacterial unteractions in an extreme nutritional symbiosis. Annu Rev Nutr. 2017;37:477\u2013500.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"117_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12884","volume":"23","author":"KA Dill-Mcfarland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dill-Mcfarland KA, Neil KL, Zeng A, Sprenger RJ, Kurtz CC, Suen G, et al. Hibernation alters the diversity and composition of mucosa-associated bacteria while enhancing antimicrobial defence in the gut of 13-lined ground squirrels. Mol Ecol. 2014;23:4658\u201369.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"117_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-021-01384-8","author":"MM Sonsalla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sonsalla MM, Love SL, Hoh LJ, Summers LN, Follett HM, Bojang A, et al. Development of metabolic inflammation during pre-hibernation fattening in thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). J Com Physiol B. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00360-021-01384-8.","journal-title":"J Com Physiol B"},{"key":"117_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.2307\/1383291","volume":"80","author":"CL Buck","year":"1999","unstructured":"Buck CL, Barnes BM. Annual cycle of body composition and hibernation in free-living arctic ground squirrels. J Mammal. 1999;80:430\u201342.","journal-title":"J Mammal"},{"key":"117_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5611","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01537-14","volume":"80","author":"TJ Stevenson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stevenson TJ, Duddleston KN, Buck CL. Effects of season and host physiological state on the diversity, density, and activity of the arctic ground squirrel cecal microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80:5611\u201322.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155725","volume":"320","author":"RE Ley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh PJ, Ramey RR, Bircher JS, et al. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science. 2008;320:1647\u201351.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"117_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00494","volume":"5","author":"N Voreades","year":"2014","unstructured":"Voreades N, Kozil A, Weir TL. Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groussin M, Mazel F, Sanders JG, Smillie CS, Lavergne S, Thuiller W, et al. Unraveling the processes shaping mammalian gut microbiomes over evolutionary time. Nat Commun. 2017;8.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14319"},{"key":"117_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx090","volume":"57","author":"VJ McKenzie","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKenzie VJ, Song SJ, Delsuc F, Prest TL, Oliverio AM, Korpita TM, et al. The effects of captivity on the mammalian gut microbiome. Integr Comp Biol. 2017;57:690\u2013704.","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"},{"key":"117_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3106\/ms2017-0079","volume":"43","author":"W Mitsuzuka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitsuzuka W, Oshida T. Feeding adaptation of alimentary tract length in arboreal squirrels. Mammal Study. 2018;43:125\u201331.","journal-title":"Mammal Study"},{"key":"117_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"93","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Li T, Berasategui A, Rui J, Zhang X, Li C, et al. Gut region influences the diversity and interactions of bacterial communities in pikas (Ochotona curzoniae and Ochotona daurica). FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2017;93:1\u201313.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"117_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.03.016","volume":"50","author":"G Gibiino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gibiino G, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F, Rizzatti G, Binda C, Gasbarrini A. Exploring Bacteroidetes: metabolic key points and immunological tricks of our gut commensals. Dig Liver Dis. 2018;50:635\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2018.03.016.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00093","volume":"2","author":"F Thomas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomas F, Hehemann J, Rebuffet E, Czjzek M, Michel G. Environmental and gut Bacteroidetes: the food connection. Front Microbiol. 2011;2:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2020.09.007","volume":"178","author":"I Lema","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lema I, Ara\u00fajo JR, Rolhion N, Demignot S. Jejunum: The understudied meeting place of dietary lipids and the microbiota. Biochimie. 2020;178:124\u201336.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"117_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grond K, Guilani H, Hird SM. Spatial heterogeneity of the shorebird gastrointestinal microbiome. R Soc Open Sci. 2020;7.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.191609"},{"key":"117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00001","volume":"11","author":"J Quan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quan J, Wu Z, Ye Y, Peng L, Wu J, Ruan D, et al. Metagenomic characterization of intestinal regions in pigs with contrasting feed efficiency. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Wu W, Lee YK, Xie J, Zhang H. Spatial heterogeneity and co-occurrence of mucosal and luminal microbiome across swine intestinal tract. Front Microbiol. 2018;9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00048"},{"key":"117_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2018.23.2.70","volume":"23","author":"SM Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee SM, Kim N, Park JH, Nam RH, Yoon K, Lee DH. Comparative analysis of ileal and cecal microbiota in aged rats. J Cancer Prev. 2018;23:70\u20136.","journal-title":"J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"117_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-02060-7","volume":"21","author":"E Lkhagva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lkhagva E, Chung H-J, Hong J, Tang WHW, Lee S-I, Hong S-T, et al. The regional diversity of gut microbiome along the GI tract of male C57BL\/6 mice. BMC Microbiol BMC Microbiol. 2021;21:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.5","volume":"148","author":"TE Sweeney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sweeney TE, Morton JM. The human gut microbiome: a review of the effect of obesity and surgically induced weight loss. JAMA Surg. 2013;148:563\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"117_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vijay A, Valdes AM. The metabolomic signatures of weight change. Metabolites. 2019;9.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9040067"},{"key":"117_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magne F, Gotteland M, Gauthier L, Zazueta A, Pesoa S, Navarrete P, et al. The firmicutes\/bacteroidetes ratio: a relevant marker of gut dysbiosis in obese patients? Nutrients. 2020;12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051474"},{"key":"117_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24621","volume":"551","author":"LR Thompson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thompson LR, Sanders JG, McDonald D, Amir A, Ladau J, Locey KJ, et al. A communal catalogue reveals Earth\u2019s multiscale microbial diversity. Nature. 2017;551:457\u201363.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"117_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA, et al. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37:852\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"117_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-9-r79","volume":"2","author":"A Amir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amir A, Daniel M, Navas-Molina J, Kopylova E, Morton J, Xu ZZ, et al. Deblur rapidly resolves single-nucleotide community sequence patterns. Am Soc Microbiol. 2017;2:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2012-13-9-r79.","journal-title":"Am Soc Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436","volume":"30","author":"K Katoh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katoh K, Misawa K, Kuma KI, Miyata T. MAFFT: A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30:3059\u201366.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"117_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price MN, Dehal PS, Arkin AP. FastTree 2\u2014approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments. PLoS One. 2010;5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"117_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0383-2","volume":"6","author":"NA Bokulich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bokulich NA, Kaehler BD, Rideout JR, Dillon M, Bolyen E, Knight R, et al. Optimizing taxonomic classification of marker-gene amplicon sequences with QIIME 2\u2019s q2-feature-classifier plugin. Microbiome Microbiome. 2018;6:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Microbiome Microbiome"},{"key":"117_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5069","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05","volume":"72","author":"TZ DeSantis","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeSantis TZ, Hugenholtz P, Larsen N, Rojas M, Brodie EL, Keller K, et al. Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:5069\u201372.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR41","unstructured":"Bisanz J. qiime2R: Importing QIIME2 artifacts and associated data into R sessions. 2018."},{"key":"117_CR42","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing . R Dev. Core Team. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2018. http:\/\/www.r-project.org."},{"key":"117_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","volume":"8","author":"PJ McMurdie","year":"2013","unstructured":"McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. Phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e61217.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"117_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wickham H. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer; 2016."},{"key":"117_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2307\/1942268","volume":"27","author":"J Bray","year":"1957","unstructured":"Bray J, Curtis J. An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol Monogr. 1957;27:325\u201349.","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"117_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8228","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8228-8235.2005","volume":"71","author":"C Lozupone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lozupone C, Knight R. UniFrac: a new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71:8228\u201335.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"117_CR47","unstructured":"Oksanen J, Blanchet F, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. 2019. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=vegan"},{"key":"117_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"117_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B. 1995. p. 289\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"117_CR50","unstructured":"Csardi G, Nepisz T. The igraph software package for complex network research. InterJournal Complex Syst. 2006;"},{"key":"117_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guangchuang Y. Using ggtree to visualize data on tree-like structures. Curr. Protoc. Bioinforma. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpbi.96","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.96"}],"container-title":["Animal Microbiome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42523-021-00117-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42523-021-00117-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42523-021-00117-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T09:11:45Z","timestamp":1673082705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/animalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42523-021-00117-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42523-021-00117-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-4671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-4671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal use and procedures were approved by the UW Oshkosh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #0026-000298).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed the manuscript and consent to the use of the data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Authors do not declare any competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}