{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:51:33Z","timestamp":1790635893609,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["anim microbiome"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mosquito microbiota abundance and composition are modulated by a variety of factors, including pathogen exposure. The microbiome can also influence pathogen infection of the host and thus harbours considerable potential to impact transmission of pathogens. As such, there is a growing interest in using particular bacterial members of the microbiota for novel vector-control strategies. However, before novel microbiota-based approaches can move towards translation, a more complete understanding of the interactions between mosquitoes, their microbiome, and the pathogens they transmit, is required to better appreciate how variation in the microbiome of field mosquitoes affects these interactions. To examine the impact of the mosquito background and the associated diversity of bacterial microbiota within distinct hosts, we exposed several laboratory-reared and field-collected\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquito lines to Zika virus (ZIKV) and examined their bacterial load and composition in response to pathogen exposure and viral infection success. Intriguingly, we show that ZIKV exposure and infection had distinct impacts on microbiome composition and density within different mosquito lines. In one laboratory-reared line ZIKV exposure and infection reduced the bacterial load, while conversely in another line load was increased by the virus. Distinct responses of the microbiome were also seen in mosquitoes collected from the field. Sampling site-specific differences in the microbiome of mosquitoes were observed as virus infection altered microbiome alpha and beta diversities in one cohort, while in mosquitoes from other sampling sites, viral progression through the mosquito had minimal effect on the microbiome. We also identified bacterial taxa correlating with either ZIKV infection or a lack of infection. These taxa are potential candidates for future follow-up studies disentangling functional mechanisms and directionality of interactions. Overall, our study highlights that interactions between mosquito, virus, and microbiota are variable and context dependent, and that tripartite interactions among distinct mosquito cohorts and their microbiomes are not universal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-025-00482-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:48:43Z","timestamp":1762343323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mosquito host background impacts microbiome-Zika virus interactions in field- and laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cintia","family":"Cansado-Utrilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Golovko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Khanipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riley K.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Brettell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"482_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0435-2","volume":"6","author":"M Gu\u00e9gan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9gan M, et al. The mosquito holobiont: fresh insight into mosquito-microbiota interactions. Microbiome. 2018;6:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01073-2","volume":"9","author":"C Cansado-Utrilla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cansado-Utrilla C, et al. The microbiome and mosquito vectorial capacity: rich potential for discovery and translation. Microbiome. 2021;9(1):111.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"3","key":"482_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e 1364","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1364","volume":"12","author":"PS Seabourn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seabourn PS, et al. Aedes albopictus microbiome derives from environmental sources and partitions across distinct host tissues. Microbiologyopen. 2023;12(3):e 1364.","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"issue":"34","key":"482_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408888111","volume":"111","author":"GL Hughes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hughes GL, et al. Native microbiome impedes vertical transmission of Wolbachia in anopheles mosquitoes. Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect B Biol Sci. 2014;111(34):12498\u2013503.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-024-00298-4","volume":"6","author":"S Hegde","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hegde S, et al. Interkingdom interactions shape the fungal microbiome of mosquitoes. Anim Microbiome. 2024;6(1):11.","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00763-3","volume":"15","author":"EV Kozlova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kozlova EV, et al. Microbial interactions in the mosquito gut determine Serratia colonization and blood-feeding propensity. The ISME J. 2021;15(1):93\u2013108.","journal-title":"The ISME J"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70027","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70027","volume":"27","author":"LE Brettell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brettell LE, et al. Mosquitoes reared in nearby insectaries at the same institution have significantly divergent microbiomes. Environ Microbiol. 2025;27(1):e70027.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"482_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05526.x","volume":"21","author":"K Zouache","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zouache K, et al. Chikungunya virus impacts the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in mosquito vector. Mol Ecol. 2012;21(9):2297\u2013309.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"482_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102197","volume":"14","author":"A Ar\u00e9valo-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ar\u00e9valo-Cort\u00e9s A, et al. Association of midgut bacteria and their metabolic pathways with Zika infection and insecticide resistance in Colombian Aedes aegypti populations. Viruses. 2022;14(10):2197.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"16","key":"482_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13741","volume":"25","author":"EJ Muturi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muturi EJ, et al. Midgut fungal and bacterial microbiota of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus shift in response to La Crosse virus infection. Mol Ecol. 2016;25(16):4075\u201390.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"482_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.326","volume":"25","author":"RB Tesh","year":"1976","unstructured":"Tesh RB, Gubler DJ, Rosen L. Variation among goegraphic strains of Aedes albopictus in susceptibility to infection with chikungunya virus. The Am J Trop Med And Hyg. 1976;25(2):326\u201335.","journal-title":"The Am J Trop Med And Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.85","volume":"67","author":"KE Bennett","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bennett KE, et al. Variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of Aedes aegypti from Mexico and the United States. The Am J Trop Med And Hyg. 2002;67(1):85\u201392.","journal-title":"The Am J Trop Med And Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"482_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2304.161484","volume":"23","author":"CM Roundy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roundy CM, et al. Variation in Aedes aegypti mosquito competence for Zika virus transmission. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2017;23(4):625.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"482_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0005","volume":"83","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilpatrick AM, et al. Spatial and temporal variation in vector competence of Culex pipiens and cx. restuans mosquitoes for West Nile virus. The Am J Trop Med And Hyg. 2010;83(3):607.","journal-title":"The Am J Trop Med And Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"482_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.318","volume":"25","author":"DJ Gubler","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gubler DJ, Rosen L. Variation among geographic strains of Aedes albopictus in susceptibility to infection with dengue viruses. The Am J Trop Med And Hyg. 1976;25(2):318\u201325.","journal-title":"The Am J Trop Med And Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"482_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004398","volume":"10","author":"JL Ramirez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramirez JL, et al. Chromobacterium Csp_P reduces malaria and dengue infection in vector mosquitoes and has entomopathogenic and in vitro anti-pathogen activities. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(10):e1004398.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"482_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e 1561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001561","volume":"6","author":"JL Ramirez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramirez JL, et al. Reciprocal tripartite interactions between the Aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(3):e 1561.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"482_CR18","first-page":"762","volume":"139","author":"AD Apte-Deshpande","year":"2014","unstructured":"Apte-Deshpande AD, et al. Serratia odorifera mediated enhancement in susceptibility of Aedes aegypti for chikungunya virus. Indian J Med Res. 2014;139(5):762\u201368.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"482_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1700585","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700585","volume":"3","author":"LB Dickson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dickson LB, et al. Carryover effects of larval exposure to different environmental bacteria drive adult trait variation in a mosquito vector. Sci Adv. 2017;3(8):e1700585.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"10","key":"482_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011727","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011727","volume":"19","author":"A Accoti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Accoti A, et al. The influence of the larval microbiome on susceptibility to Zika virus is mosquito genotype-dependent. PLoS Pathog. 2023;19(10):e1011727.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"482_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00687","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00687-21","volume":"6","author":"W Louie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louie W, Coffey LL. Microbial composition in larval water enhances Aedes aegypti development but reduces transmissibility of Zika virus. Msphere. 2021;6(6):e00687\u201321.","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"482_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1013154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013154","volume":"21","author":"MV Becker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Becker MV, et al. Reduced microbe abundance in an urban larval development container increases Aedes aegypti susceptibility to Zika virus. PLoS Pathog. 2025;21(5):e1013154.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"482_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111287","volume":"12","author":"M Garrig\u00f3s","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garrig\u00f3s M, et al. Interactions between West Nile virus and the microbiota of Culex pipiens vectors: a literature review. Pathogens. 2023;12(11):1287.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190352","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190352","volume":"13","author":"LE Villegas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Villegas LE, et al. Zika virus infection modulates the bacterial diversity associated with Aedes aegypti as revealed by metagenomic analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190352.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"482_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01021","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01021-22","volume":"13","author":"C Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi C, et al. Bidirectional interactions between arboviruses and the bacterial and viral microbiota in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. MBio. 2022;13(5):e01021\u201322.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"482_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630438","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.630438","volume":"12","author":"P Gabrieli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabrieli P, et al. Mosquito trilogy: microbiota, immunity and pathogens, and their implications for the control of disease transmission. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:630438.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"482_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai JA, Christophides GK. Immune interactions between mosquitoes and microbes during midgut colonization. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2024;101195.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2024.101195"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.11.004","volume":"25","author":"P Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu P, et al. A gut commensal bacterium promotes mosquito permissiveness to arboviruses. Cell Host Microbe. 2019;25(1):101\u201312. e5.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24296-0","volume":"8","author":"RG Saraiva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saraiva RG, et al. Chromobacterium spp. mediate their anti-plasmodium activity through secretion of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):6176.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6693","key":"482_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadn 9524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn9524","volume":"384","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, et al. A naturally isolated symbiotic bacterium suppresses flavivirus transmission by Aedes mosquitoes. Science. 2024;384(6693):eadn 9524.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"482_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090679","volume":"9","author":"E Chabanol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chabanol E, et al. Antibiotic treatment in anopheles coluzzii affects carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Pathogens. 2020;9(9):679.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"6","key":"482_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2007.00760.x","volume":"16","author":"J Ballard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ballard J, Melvin R. Tetracycline treatment influences mitochondrial metabolism and mtDNA density two generations after treatment in Drosophila. Insect Mol Biol. 2007;16(6):799\u2013802.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"482_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw302","volume":"214","author":"M Guerbois","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guerbois M, et al. Outbreak of Zika virus infection, Chiapas State, Mexico, 2015, and first confirmed transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the Americas. The J Infect Dis. 2016;214(9):1349\u201356.","journal-title":"The J Infect Dis"},{"key":"482_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405381","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02160","volume":"9","author":"S Hegde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hegde S, et al. Microbiome interaction networks and community structure from laboratory-reared and field-collected Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito vectors. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:405381.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"482_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991","volume":"173","author":"WG Weisburg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weisburg WG, et al. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol. 1991;173(2):697\u2013703.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"24","key":"482_CR36","first-page":"E211","volume":"108","author":"J Isoe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Isoe J, et al. Defects in coatomer protein I (COPI) transport cause blood feeding-induced mortality in yellow fever mosquitoes. Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect B Biol Sci. 2011;108(24):E211\u201317.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"482_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402\u201308.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"482_CR38","unstructured":"Kassambara A. Ggpubr: \u2018ggplot2\u2018 based publication ready plots. R Package Version. 2018;p.2."},{"key":"482_CR39","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","volume":"41","author":"A Klindworth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klindworth A, et al. Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(1):e1\u20131.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"482_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","volume":"41","author":"C Quast","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quast C, et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;41(D1):D590\u201396.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"482_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","volume":"8","author":"PJ McMurdie","year":"2013","unstructured":"McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. Phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61217.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"482_CR43","unstructured":"Oksanen JSG, Blanchet F, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin P, O\u2019Hara R, Solymos P, Stevens M, Szoecs E, Wagner H, Barbour M, Bedward M, Bolker B, Borcard D, Carvalho G, Chirico M, De Caceres M, Durand S, Evangelista H, FitzJohn R, Friendly M. Vegan: Community Ecology Package. 2022."},{"key":"482_CR44","unstructured":"Arbizu PM. pairwiseAdonis: Pairwise Multilevel Comparison using Adonis. 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"482_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.147","volume":"3","author":"H Wickham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wickham H. ggplot2. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat. 2011;3(2):180\u201385.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17041-7","volume":"11","author":"H Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin H, Peddada SD. Analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3514.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"482_CR47","first-page":"790","volume":"1","author":"R Kolde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kolde R, Kolde MR. Package \u2018pheatmap\u2019. R Package. 2015;1(7):790.","journal-title":"R Package"},{"issue":"12","key":"482_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00567","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00567-24","volume":"12","author":"CG Tatsinkou Maffo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tatsinkou Maffo CG, et al. Contrasting patterns of Asaia association with plasmodium falciparum between field-collected anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii from Cameroon. Microbiol Spectr. 2024;12(12):e00567\u201324.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"6","key":"482_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0263","volume":"99","author":"H Bassene","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bassene H, et al. 16S metagenomic comparison of plasmodium falciparum-infected and noninfected anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus microbiota from Senegal. The Am J Trop Med And Hyg. 2018;99(6):1489.","journal-title":"The Am J Trop Med And Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"482_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0330703","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0330703","volume":"20","author":"A Roman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roman A, et al. Asaia spp. exposure for improving mosquito mass-rearing, and the effects on Culex pipiens pipiens vector competence for West Nile virus. PLoS One. 2025;20(8):e0330703.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"482_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024767","volume":"6","author":"Y Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Y, et al. Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae in Kenya. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24767.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1901","key":"482_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230061","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0061","volume":"379","author":"MA Hanson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hanson MA. When the microbiome shapes the host: immune evolution implications for infectious disease. Phil Trans Of The R Soc B. 2024;379(1901):20230061.","journal-title":"Phil Trans Of The R Soc B"},{"key":"482_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Etebari K, et al. Global transcriptome analysis of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in response to Zika virus infection. MSphere. 2017;2(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00456-17.","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00456-17"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67811-y","volume":"10","author":"J Hyde","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hyde J, et al. Limited influence of the microbiome on the transcriptional profile of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):10880.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"482_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4257","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054257","volume":"24","author":"N Jia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia N, et al. Transcriptome analysis of response to Zika virus infection in two aedes albopictus strains with different vector competence. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(5):4257.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005273","volume":"11","author":"KJ Vogel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vogel KJ, et al. Transcriptome sequencing reveals large-scale changes in axenic Aedes aegypti larvae. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(1):e0005273.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03432-8","volume":"11","author":"S Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, et al. A cell atlas of the adult female Aedes aegypti midgut revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Sci Data. 2024;11(1):587.","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"482_CR58","unstructured":"Fierer N, et al. Guidelines for preventing and reporting contamination in low-biomass microbiome studies. Nat Microbiol. 2025:p.1\u201311."},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1438-0","volume":"9","author":"T Habtewold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Habtewold T, Duchateau L, Christophides GK. Flow cytometry analysis of the microbiota associated with the midguts of vector mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9(1):167.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"482_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645362","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.645362","volume":"12","author":"HJ MacLeod","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacLeod HJ, Dimopoulos G, Short SM. Larval diet abundance influences size and composition of the midgut microbiota of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:645362.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"482_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14732","volume":"27","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X, et al. Bacterial microbiota assemblage in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and its impacts on larval development. Mol Ecol. 2018;27(14):2972\u201385.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"482_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01256-5","volume":"10","author":"KL Coon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coon KL, Hegde S, Hughes GL. Interspecies microbiome transplantation recapitulates microbial acquisition in mosquitoes. Microbiome. 2022;10(1):58.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"482_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0011234","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011234","volume":"17","author":"SY Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao SY, Hughes GL, Coon KL. A cryopreservation method to recover laboratory-and field-derived bacterial communities from mosquito larval habitats. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023;17(4):e0011234.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"482_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00959","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00959-23","volume":"89","author":"JC LaReau","year":"2023","unstructured":"LaReau JC, et al. Introducing an environmental microbiome to axenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes documents bacterial responses to a blood meal. Appl Environ Microb. 2023;89(12):e00959\u201323.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"}],"container-title":["Animal Microbiome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42523-025-00482-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42523-025-00482-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42523-025-00482-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:36:31Z","timestamp":1781613391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s42523-025-00482-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42523-025-00482-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-4671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-4671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"116"}}