{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:52:05Z","timestamp":1775267525827,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["anim microbiome"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-026-00530-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:35:34Z","timestamp":1772210134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-dependent gut microbiota associated with intramuscular fat deposition in Longdong cashmere goats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Heyu","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaobin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"530_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2016.09.008","volume":"123","author":"NR Lambe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambe NR, McLean KA, Gordon J, Evans D, Clelland N, Bunger L. Prediction of intramuscular fat content using CT scanning of packaged lamb cuts and relationships with meat eating quality. Meat Sci. 2017;123:112\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2016.09.008.","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"530_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2007.07.019","volume":"78","author":"JD Wood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wood JD, Enser M, Fisher AV, Nute GR, Sheard PR, Richardson RI, et al. Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: a review. Meat Sci. 2008;78(4):343\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2007.07.019.","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"530_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00076-4","volume":"62","author":"DS Mottram","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mottram DS. Flavour formation in meat and meat products: a review. Food Chem. 1998;62(4):415\u201324.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"530_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109991091","volume":"4","author":"JF Hocquette","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hocquette JF, Gondret F, Ba\u00e9za E, M\u00e9dale F, Jurie C, Pethick DW. Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers. Animal. 2010;4(2):303\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731109991091.","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"530_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2017.08.012","volume":"155","author":"P Polidori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polidori P, Pucciarelli S, Cammertoni N, Polzonetti V, Vincenzetti S. The effects of slaughter age on carcass and meat quality of Fabrianese lambs. Small Ruminant Res. 2017;155:12\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2017.08.012.","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"530_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00606-5","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Tian H, Weng X, Lin C, et al. Rumen microbiome and fat deposition in sheep: insights from a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024;10(1):129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41522-024-00606-5.","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"530_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2021.104235","volume":"241","author":"J Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou J, Zhang Y, Wu J, Qiao M, Xu Z, Peng X, et al. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses reveal saturated fatty acids, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and associated proteins contributing to intramuscular fat deposition. J Proteomics. 2021;241:104235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2021.104235.","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"530_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052520","volume":"25","author":"Z Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan Z, Jiang H. Molecular and Cellular mechanisms of intramuscular fat development and growth in cattle. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(5):2520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25052520.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"530_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom","volume":"32","author":"C Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu C, Yang F, Zhong H, Hong J, Lin H, Zong M, et al. Obesity-enriched gut microbe degrades myo-inositol and promotes lipid absorption. Cell Host Microbe. 2024, 06.012;32(8):1301\u201314.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom. 2024.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"530_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao D, Su R, Zhang Y, Wang B, Hou Y, Luo Y, et al. Impact of dietary Lactobacillus supplementation on intramuscular fat deposition and meat quality of Sunit sheep. J Food Biochem. 2022;46(8):e14207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfbc.14207.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14207"},{"key":"530_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00444","volume":"9","author":"M Albouery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Albouery M, Buteau B, Gr\u00e9goire S, Cherbuy C, Pais de Barros JP, Martine L, et al. Age-related changes in the gut microbiota modify brain lipid composition. Front Cellular Infect Microbiol. 2020;9:444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00444.","journal-title":"Front Cellular Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"530_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679135","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.679135","volume":"12","author":"X Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin X, Ji S, Duan C, Tian P, Ju S, Yan H, et al. Age-related Changes in the ruminal microbiota and their relationship with rumen fermentation in lambs. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:679135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.679135.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"530_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0123","volume":"236","author":"A Tangerman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tangerman A, Nagengast FM. A gas chromatographic analysis of fecal short-chain fatty acids, using the direct injection method. Analytical Biochem. 1996;236(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/abio.1996.0123.","journal-title":"Analytical Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"530_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13036-1","volume":"10","author":"JS Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson JS, Spakowicz DJ, Hong B-Y, Petersen LM, Demkowicz P, Chen L, et al. Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain-level microbiome analysis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):5029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-13036-1.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"530_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schloss PD, Jenior ML, Koumpouras CC, Westcott SL, Highlander SK. Sequencing 16S rRNA gene fragments using the PacBio SMRT DNA sequencing system. PeerJ. 2016;4:e1869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.1869.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1869"},{"issue":"1","key":"530_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05589-3","volume":"14","author":"H Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin H, Lin J, Pan T, Li T, Jiang H, Fang Y, et al. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency exacerbates autoimmune hepatitis by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(1):68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-05589-3.","journal-title":"Cell Death Disease"},{"key":"530_CR17","unstructured":"Prasad DV, Madhusudanan S, Jaganathan S. uCLUST-a new algorithm for clustering unstructured data. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci. 2015;10(5):2108\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/5c5434efd85150258269ae3a5f68abf641ac4cb3."},{"issue":"5","key":"530_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01845-1","volume":"42","author":"D McDonald","year":"2024","unstructured":"McDonald D, Jiang Y, Balaban M, Cantrell K, Zhu Q, Gonzalez A, et al. Greengenes2 unifies microbial data in a single reference tree. Nat Biotechnol. 2024;42(5):715\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-023-01845-1.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"23","key":"530_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09","volume":"75","author":"PD Schloss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schloss PD, Westcott SL, Ryabin T, Hall JR, Hartmann M, Hollister EB, et al. Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75(23):7537\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01541-09.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"530_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei Z, Gu Y, Friman V-P, Kowalchuk GA, Xu Y, Shen Q, et al. Initial soil microbiome composition and functioning predetermine future plant health. Sci Adv. 2019;5(9):eaaw0759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaw0759.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw0759"},{"issue":"2","key":"530_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.133","volume":"5","author":"C Lozupone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lozupone C, Lladser ME, Knights D, Stombaugh J, Knight R. UniFrac: an effective distance metric for microbial community comparison. The ISME J. 2011;5(2):169\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2010.133.","journal-title":"The ISME J"},{"key":"530_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2019.03.006","volume":"89","author":"CM Alfaia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alfaia CM, Lopes PA, Madeira MS, Pestana JM, Coelho D, Toldr\u00e1 F, et al. Current feeding strategies to improve pork intramuscular fat content and its nutritional quality. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2019;89:53\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.afnr.2019.03.006.","journal-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"530_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-8962","volume":"93","author":"PL Greenwood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greenwood PL, Siddell JP, Walmsley BJ, Geesink GH, Pethick DW, McPhee MJ. Postweaning substitution of grazed forage with a high-energy concentrate has variable long-term effects on subcutaneous fat and marbling in Bos taurus genotypes. J Anim Sci. 2015;93(8):4132\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2015-8962.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"530_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731107000791","volume":"1","author":"RM Kirkland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kirkland RM, Patterson DC, Keady TWJ, Moss BW, Steen RWJ. Beef production potential of Norwegian red and Holstein-Friesian bulls slaughtered at two ages. Animal. 2007;1(10):1506\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731107000791.","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"530_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2021.104736","volume":"254","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Yang C, Ran J, Yu C, Yin L, Li Z, et al. The age-dependent variations for fatty acid composition and sensory quality of chicken meat and associations between gene expression patterns and meat quality. Livest Sci. 2021;254:104736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livsci.2021.104736.","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"530_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2011.00978.x","volume":"129","author":"WM Rauw","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rauw WM, Diaz I, Franc\u00e9s F, Corella D, Soler J, Tibau J, et al. The relationship between feed intake behaviour with intramuscular fat, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in pork. J Anim Breed Genet. 2012;129(4):289\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2011.00978.x.","journal-title":"J Anim Breed Genet"},{"key":"530_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ran T, Wang Y, Yuan F, Liu R, Ye M, Zhang M, et al. Gender-specific correlations between serum lipid profiles and intra-pancreatic fat deposition: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 2025;23(1):384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02355-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02355-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"530_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.20.0432","volume":"34","author":"X Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan X, Yang Z, Ji H, Li N, Yang Z, Xu L, et al. Effects of lycopene on abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids levels and hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci. 2021;34(3):385\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/ajas.20.0432.","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"530_CR29","unstructured":"Han Q, Huang X, He J, Zeng Y, Yin J, Yin Y. Intramuscular fat deposition in pig: a Key target for improving pork quality1. J Integr Agric. 2024."},{"key":"530_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2021.100219","volume":"14","author":"DV Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen DV, Nguyen OC, Malau-Aduli AEO. Main regulatory factors of marbling level in beef cattle. Vet Anim Sci. 2021;14:100219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2021.100219.","journal-title":"Vet Anim Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"530_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-7827(02)00067-x","volume":"42","author":"S Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith S, Witkowski A, Joshi AK. Structural and functional organization of the animal fatty acid synthase. Prog Lipid Res. 2003;42(4):289\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0163-7827(02)00067-x.","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"530_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0065-2571(94)00011-Q","volume":"35","author":"KN Frayn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frayn KN, Coppack SW, Fielding BA, Humphreys SM. Coordinated regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase in human adipose tissue in vivo: implications for the control of fat storage and fat mobilization. Adv Enzym Regul. 1995;35:163\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0065-2571(94)00011-Q.","journal-title":"Adv Enzym Regul"},{"issue":"1","key":"530_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414796","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2414796","volume":"16","author":"M Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu M, Yu B, Chen D. The effects of gut microbiota on appetite regulation and the underlying mechanisms. Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2414796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2024.2414796.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"11","key":"530_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14111885","volume":"14","author":"L Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang L, Li S, Hou J, Tang Z, Shi B, Luo Y, et al. Variation in intramuscular fat deposition of goats and sheep and its correlation with gut microbiota. Foods (Basel, Switz). 2025;14(11):1885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14111885.","journal-title":"Foods (Basel, Switz)"},{"key":"530_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhang S, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Shan T. Conjugated linoleic acids inhibit lipid deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue and alter lipid profiles in serum of pigs. J Anim Sci. 2023;101:skad294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad294.","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad294"},{"key":"530_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.10.001","volume":"5","author":"R K\u00fcbeck","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00fcbeck R, Catalina B-R, Hoffmann C, Walker A, M\u00fcller VM, Sch\u00fcppel VL, et al. Dietary fat and gut microbiota interactions determine diet-induced obesity in mice. Mol Metab. 2016;5:1162\u201374.","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"530_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0510-8","volume":"6","author":"S Just","year":"2018","unstructured":"Just S, Mondot S, Ecker J, Wegner K, Rath E, Gau L, et al. The gut microbiota drives the impact of bile acids and fat source in diet on mouse metabolism. Microbiome. 2018;6(1):134.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"2","key":"530_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1039\/c9fo02585e","volume":"11","author":"A Jiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiao A, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Zheng P, Luo Y, et al. Short chain fatty acids could prevent fat deposition in pigs via regulating related hormones and genes. Food Function. 2020;11(2):1845\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9fo02585e.","journal-title":"Food Function"},{"issue":"10","key":"530_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100799","volume":"9","author":"L Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu L, Fu C, Li F. Acetate affects the process of lipid metabolism in rabbit liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Animals. 2019;9(10):799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani9100799.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"530_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky017","volume":"96","author":"SB Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith SB, Blackmon TL, Sawyer JE, Miller RK, Baber JR, Morrill JC, et al. Glucose and acetate metabolism in bovine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues from steers infused with glucose, propionate, or acetate. J Anim Sci. 2018;96(3):921\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/sky017.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"530_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978263","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.978263","volume":"13","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li F, Zhang D, Li X, et al. Association between rumen microbiota and marbling grade in hu sheep. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:978263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.978263.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Animal Microbiome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42523-026-00530-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42523-026-00530-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42523-026-00530-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:02:05Z","timestamp":1775264525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s42523-026-00530-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42523-026-00530-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-4671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-4671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Gansu Agricultural University in June 20, 2023 (protocol code GSAU-Eth-AST-2023\u2013037).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"36"}}