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This case is relevant because it suggests a potential interaction between SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and tumor development, providing insights into how viral infections might influence oncogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A 4.5-month-old male k18-hACE-2 mouse, part of an experimental study of SARS-CoV-2, displayed a small mass in leptomeningeal area composed by neoplastic round cells. This process is associated with typical acute inflammatory and neurodegenerative lesions according to viral neuroinvasion. Histopathology revealed a well-demarcated tumor composed of lymphoblasts and intermixed with abundant histiocytic-like cells. Immunohistochemistry showed high expression of Iba-1 in histiocytes but negative PAX5, CD3 and IRF-4 labeling. Due to the critical role of PAX-5 in maintaining B-cell function, its reduction or inactivation may favor this loss of identity and differentiation to macrophages, which supports the possibility of a lymphoma undergoing transdifferentiation into a histiocytic\/dendritic cells neoplasm. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 was detected within the tumor histiocytes and adjacent neurons, raising questions about potential interactions between viral infection and tumor development.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>While the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain, this finding highlights the need for further investigation into the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and oncogenesis. This case represents the first report of a primary brain histiocytic lymphoproliferative disorder associated with SARS-CoV-2 in k18-hACE2 mouse.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-025-00256-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T08:46:37Z","timestamp":1758530797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary leptomeningeal histiocytic lymphoproliferative disorder associated with SARS-CoV-2 brain infection in k18-hACE2 mouse: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2876-8850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Porras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"P\u00e9rez-Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Bertos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"256_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052681","volume":"22","author":"MA Erickson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Erickson MA, Rhea EM, Knopp RC, Banks WA. 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