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Patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) often encounter the problem of EFs impairment, which severely affects their lives and health. However, currently, the methods for evaluating EFs in experimental mice are limited, and there is a lack of effective evaluation indicators for touchscreen behavioral tests in different disease model mice. This study aims to establish a paradigm process and an evaluation baseline for touchscreen behavioral analysis in PD model mice, deeply explore the mechanisms of EFs impairment in PD, and provide a crucial foundation for subsequent research and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty clean - grade SNCA*A53T transgenic mice and forty clean - grade C57BL\/6J wild - type mice were selected. For A53T mice, genetic identification was carried out. Molecular biology techniques such as PCR were used to determine their genetic characteristics. Protein detection was conducted through methods like Western blot to clarify the expression of relevant proteins. In terms of behavioral tests, the five - choice serial reaction time task (5 - CSRT) was adopted, and various behavioral data of mice in this task were recorded. Four groups were set up: the control group, the MPTP group. Different groups of mice were given specific treatments. For example, the MPTP group of mice was injected with MPTP to construct a drug - induced PD model. Principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the obtained touchscreen behavioral baseline indicators of mice, and key indicators were screened and evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the 5 - CSRT, the optimal stage for wild - type C57 mice to achieve an accuracy rate of \u2265\u200980% was from the 11th to the 13th cycle, while for A53T mice, it was the 11th cycle. The EFs of A53T mice were impaired, with abnormalities in the accuracy rate, trace number, and number of punished times in the 5 - CSRT. When identifying drug - induced PD models, the 13th cycle of the 5 - CSRT was more effective; when identifying transgenic PD models, the 11th cycle was more suitable. Interventions could be carried out after the baseline accuracy rate reached 80%. Through the \u201cgenetic - environmental\u201d dual - axis drive, the \u201cchronic - acute\u201d time - dimension complementarity, and the \u201cmechanism - transformation\u201d multi - level verification, the A53T and MPTP dual models were used to comprehensively cover the pathological cycle of PD EFs impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has successfully established a paradigm process and an evaluation baseline for touchscreen behavioral analysis in PD model mice. This provides an important basis for a deep understanding of the mechanisms of EFs impairment in PD patients, has potential guiding significance for the development of intervention strategies and treatment methods for EFs impairment in PD patients, and is expected to promote new progress in PD research in the field of neuroscience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-025-00262-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T03:04:19Z","timestamp":1764731059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigate the differences in executive functions and behavioral baseline indicators of Parkinson\u2019s disease model mice based on the five - choice serial reaction time task"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanxi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y","volume":"124","author":"OB Tysnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tysnes OB, Storstein A. 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Nature. 2021;591(7851):615\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Animal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42826-025-00262-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42826-025-00262-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42826-025-00262-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T05:31:55Z","timestamp":1764739915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/labanimres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42826-025-00262-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42826-025-00262-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2233-7660"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2233-7660"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal care and experimental procedures adhered to the guidelines set forth by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xuzhou Medical University, under the laboratory animal ethics number: (Experimental Animal Ethics number: 202209S042). We confirm that the experimental protocol was approved by the designated institution and that all experimental animals were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All animals were raised in the SPF animal laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, using feed and clean water, and enjoying humanistic care.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest. We confirm the publication of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"During the process of animal selection, we strictly adhered to the \u201c3R\u201d principle, namely Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement. Meanwhile, the main reasons for our selection of A53T mice for the initial behavioral assessment to establish the baseline are as follows: 1. A gradually progressive pathological process that is more in line with the natural course of human PD. The A53T mutation leads to the abnormal aggregation of \u03b1-Syn, eventually forming Lewy body-like inclusions, which is closer to the pathological processes of both sporadic PD and hereditary PD. The changes in cognitive function are usually accompanied by chronic processes such as \u03b1-Syn pathological accumulation, synaptic damage, and neuroinflammation, making it suitable for long-term tracking of the progression of cognitive impairment. \u03b1-Syn deposition also occurs in cognitive-related brain regions such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, so it can better study Parkinson\u2019s disease-related cognitive impairment. 2. The mechanism of the occurrence of cognitive impairment is more similar to that of human PD. Research has shown that the A53T mutation can lead to synaptic dysfunction in multiple brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, which can better reflect the cognitive function impairment in PD patients. It is suitable for long-term follow-up and intervention studies: Cognitive assessments can be carried out at multiple time points to observe the progression of cognitive function. 3. However, the cognitive impairment in the MPTP model mainly results from the indirect effects of striatal DA depletion, and it has less impact on higher cognitive brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Since MPTP-induced damage occurs rapidly (usually within a few days to weeks), it is difficult to conduct long-term cognitive assessments. In this experiment, male mice were used mainly because the hormonal levels of female mice fluctuate with the estrous cycle, which leads to high variability in experimental results. Physiologically, there are differences between female and male mice, which can affect the effectiveness of model establishment and susceptibility. To make the results more accurate and reasonable, male mice were therefore used in the experiment.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Additional explanation"}},{"value":"We confirm that the study was reported with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Confirm"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"31"}}