{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:50:43Z","timestamp":1782377443395,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JJ50627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ50627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ31088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ31088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central South University Education and Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["2024jy130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024jy130"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myopia is one of the most common refractive vision disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that insufficient sleep correlates with myopia development in adolescents. However, the underlying mechanism for myopia progression is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on the myopia development of guinea pigs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The experiment was divided into two parts. In the initial part, 45 animals were evenly divided into three groups, namely, the LIM(lens-induced myopia) group, LIM+SD20hr group, and LIM+SD21hr group. Thirty-six animals were used in the second part and divided into three groups: the LIM+SD20hr, LIM+SD20hr\u2009+\u2009NE-100 (Sigma-1 receptor antagonist), and LIM+SD20hr+saline groups. For animals of the LIM+SD20hr group, apart from wearing a concave lens on the right eye, they were deprived of sleep for 20\u00a0h daily. The LIM+SD21hr group was deprived of sleep for 21\u00a0h daily instead. For the LIM+SD20hr\u2009+\u2009NE-100 group, peribulbar injections of NE-100 60\u00a0\u00b5g were administered in the right eye. The LIM+SD20hr+saline group was administered with saline instead. The expression of retinal Sigma1R was measured using immunofluorescence staining and a Western blot. \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid (Glu) content in the retina was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical method. In the first set of experiments, SD alone did not induce myopia in control eyes but accelerated LIM progression, with increased myopic refraction (-3.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.19 D vs. -1.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16 D in LIM alone, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), axial elongation (8.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 mm vs. 8.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 mm, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and elevated retinal Glu\/GABA ratio (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). S1R expression was upregulated in LIM\u2009+\u2009SD eyes (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the second set of experiments, intravitreal NE-100 administration partially reversed these effects, reducing myopic shift (-1.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20 D, vs. -3.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21 D In LIM\u2009+\u2009SD) and normalizing Glu\/GABA levels (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SD exacerbates LIM via S1R activation and neurotransmitter dysregulation. S1R antagonists like NE-100 may offer therapeutic potential for myopia control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-026-00285-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T07:08:03Z","timestamp":1782371283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of sleep deprivation on lens-induced-myopia in guinea pigs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaa208","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa208","volume":"44","author":"R Chakraborty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chakraborty R, Micic G, Thorley L, Nissen TR, Lovato N, Collins MJ, et al. Myopia, or near-sightedness, is associated with delayed melatonin circadian timing and lower melatonin output in young adult humans. Sleep. 2021;44(3):zsaa208.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004","volume":"62","author":"IG Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan IG, French AN, Ashby RS, Guo X, Ding X, He M, et al. The epidemics of myopia: Aetiology and prevention. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018;62:134\u201349.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.10.007","volume":"236","author":"A Ha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ha A, Kim CY, Shim SR, Chang IB, Kim YK. Degree of Myopia and Glaucoma Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2022;236:107\u201319.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001489","volume":"37","author":"Y Ikuno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikuno Y. Overview Of the Complications Of High Myopia. Retina. 2017;37(12):2347\u201351.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"6","key":"285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.10.040","volume":"128","author":"BS Modjtahedi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Modjtahedi BS, Abbott RL, Fong DS, Lum F, Tan D. Task Force on M. Reducing the Global Burden of Myopia by Delaying the Onset of Myopia and Reducing Myopic Progression in Children: The Academy\u2019s Task Force on Myopia. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(6):816\u201326.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020325","volume":"13","author":"A Hvid-Hansen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hvid-Hansen A, Jacobsen N, Moller F, Bek T, Ozenne B, Kessel L. Myopia Control with Low-Dose Atropine in European Children: Six-Month Results from a Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study. J Pers Med. 2023;13(2):325.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14524","volume":"55","author":"A Benavente-Perez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benavente-Perez A, Nour A, Troilo D. Axial eye growth and refractive error development can be modified by exposing the peripheral retina to relative myopic or hyperopic defocus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(10):6765\u201373.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-022-00324-z","volume":"10","author":"T Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang T, Li X, Chen S, Xu Q, Zhao H, Wang K, et al. Long-term follow-up of changes in ocular biometric parameters in orthokeratology lens wearers with relatively large-scale axial length reduction. Eye Vis (Lond). 2023;10(1):6.","journal-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2320","volume":"63","author":"H Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun H, Bu F, Xin X, Yan J. Incidence of Adverse Events Induced by Atropine in Myopic Children: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2023;63(12):1377\u201386.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troilo D, Smith EL 3rd, Nickla DL, Ashby R, Tkatchenko AV, Ostrin LA, et al. IMI - Report on Experimental Models of Emmetropization and Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(3):M31\u201388.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25967"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21130","volume":"58","author":"L Guoping","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guoping L, Xiang Y, Jianfeng W, Dadong G, Jie H, Wenjun J, et al. Alterations of Glutamate and gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Expressions in Normal and Myopic Eye Development in Guinea Pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(2):1256\u201365.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12776","volume":"94","author":"D Jee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jee D, Morgan IG, Kim EC. Inverse relationship between sleep duration and myopia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94(3):e204\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"285_CR13","first-page":"408","volume":"118","author":"M Saygin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saygin M, Ozguner MF, Onder O, Doguc DK, Ilhan I, Peker Y. The impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal-mediated learning and memory in rats. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2017;118(7):408\u201316.","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"issue":"10","key":"285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2179-17.2018","volume":"38","author":"C Briggs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Briggs C, Hirasawa M, Semba K. Sleep Deprivation Distinctly Alters Glutamate Transporter 1 Apposition and Excitatory Transmission to Orexin and MCH Neurons. J Neurosci. 2018;38(10):2505\u201318.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"19","key":"285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6711","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0045-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Logan J, et al. Evidence that sleep deprivation downregulates dopamine D2R in ventral striatum in the human brain. J Neurosci. 2012;32(19):6711\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/jcr.174","volume":"17","author":"JML Menon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Menon JML, Nolten C, Achterberg EJM, Joosten R, Dematteis M, Feenstra MGP, et al. Brain Microdialysate Monoamines in Relation to Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Sleep Deprivation - a Systematic Review, Network Meta-analysis, and New Primary Data. J Circadian Rhythms. 2019;17:1.","journal-title":"J Circadian Rhythms"},{"key":"285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116594","volume":"232","author":"P Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen P, Yao H, Su W, He Y, Cheng K, Wang Y, et al. Sleep deprivation worsened oral ulcers and delayed healing process in an experimental rat model. Life Sci. 2019;232:116594.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2014.07.001","volume":"127","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayashi T. Sigma-1 receptor: the novel intracellular target of neuropsychotherapeutic drugs. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;127(1):2\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00634","volume":"10","author":"E Cortes-Montero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cortes-Montero E, Sanchez-Blazquez P, Onetti Y, Merlos M, Garzon J. Ligands Exert Biased Activity to Regulate Sigma 1 Receptor Interactions With Cationic TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPM8 Channels. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:634.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21549","volume":"66","author":"M Fujimoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fujimoto M, Hayashi T, Urfer R, Mita S, Su TP. Sigma-1 receptor chaperones regulate the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Synapse. 2012;66(7):630\u20139.","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113344","volume":"410","author":"L Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo L, Gao T, Gao C, Jia X, Ni J, Han C, et al. Stimulation of astrocytic sigma-1 receptor is sufficient to ameliorate inflammation- induced depression. Behav Brain Res. 2021;410:113344.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6956","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136956","volume":"22","author":"N Gaja-Capdevila","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaja-Capdevila N, Hernandez N, Zamanillo D, Vela JM, Merlos M, Navarro X, et al. Neuroprotective Effects of Sigma 1 Receptor Ligands on Motoneuron Death after Spinal Root Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(13):6956.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.10.007","volume":"39","author":"DO Borroto-Escuela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borroto-Escuela DO, Wydra K, Filip M, Fuxe K. A2AR-D2R Heteroreceptor Complexes in Cocaine Reward and Addiction. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2018;39(12):1008\u201320.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.01.009","volume":"186","author":"DO Sambo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sambo DO, Lebowitz JJ, Khoshbouei H. The sigma-1 receptor as a regulator of dopamine neurotransmission: A potential therapeutic target for methamphetamine addiction. Pharmacol Ther. 2018;186:152\u201367.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23175","volume":"65","author":"T Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen T, Tanaka M, Wang Y, Sha S, Furuya K, Chen L, et al. Neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone enhances activity and trafficking of astrocytic GLT-1 via sigma1 receptor-mediated PKC activation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats. Glia. 2017;65(9):1491\u2013503.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.014","volume":"116","author":"B Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang B, Wang L, Chen T, Hong J, Sha S, Wang J, et al. Sigma-1 receptor deficiency reduces GABAergic inhibition in the basolateral amygdala leading to LTD impairment and depressive-like behaviors. Neuropharmacology. 2017;116:387\u201398.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"285_CR27","first-page":"477","volume":"39","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Xie F, Li H, Guan Y, Mao J. Inhibiting effect of retinal Sigma-1 receptor antagonist on the form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs and its mechanism. Chin J Experimental Ophthalmol. 2021;39(6):477\u201382.","journal-title":"Chin J Experimental Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001529","volume":"97","author":"W Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng W, Chen Y, Zhou X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Guan X, et al. Regulation of Retinal Melanopsin on Lens-induced Myopia in Guinea Pigs. Optom Vis Sci. 2020;97(7):489\u201395.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2021.104290","volume":"245","author":"S Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu S, Li P, Zhang R, Liu X, Wei S. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis reveals energy metabolism disorders in the livers of sleep-deprived mice. J Proteom. 2021;245:104290.","journal-title":"J Proteom"},{"issue":"11","key":"285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22315","volume":"59","author":"L Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang L, Zhang S, Chen R, Ma L, Wang X, Wen Y, et al. Effects of the Tyrosinase-Dependent Dopaminergic System on Refractive Error Development in Guinea Pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(11):4631\u20138.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"285_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69308","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69308","volume":"11","author":"MA Salehinejad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salehinejad MA, Ghanavati E, Reinders J, Hengstler JG, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. Sleep-dependent upscaled excitability, saturated neuroplasticity, and modulated cognition in the human brain. Elife. 2022;11:e69308.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"6","key":"285_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12312","volume":"98","author":"F Schaeffel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schaeffel F, Feldkaemper M. Animal models in myopia research. Clin Exp Optom. 2015;98(6):507\u201317.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12453","volume":"38","author":"R Chakraborty","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chakraborty R, Ostrin LA, Nickla DL, Iuvone PM, Pardue MT, Stone RA. Circadian rhythms, refractive development, and myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2018;38(3):217\u201345.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"6","key":"285_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26711","volume":"60","author":"HJ Burfield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burfield HJ, Carkeet A, Ostrin LA. Ocular and Systemic Diurnal Rhythms in Emmetropic and Myopic Adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(6):2237\u201347.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14474","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14474","volume":"30","author":"Y Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu Y, Lv Y, Long X, Yang G, Zhou J. Melatonin attenuates chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and HDAC3-Bmal1\/clock interruption. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024;30(3):e14474.","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"285_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104820","volume":"139","author":"JE Owen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Owen JE, Veasey SC. Impact of sleep disturbances on neurodegeneration: Insight from studies in animal models. Neurobiol Dis. 2020;139:104820.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"285_CR37","first-page":"73","volume":"40","author":"C Seton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seton C, Fitzgerald DA. Chronic sleep deprivation in teenagers: Practical ways to help. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2021;40:73\u20139.","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(84)90210-9","volume":"11","author":"N Ibuka","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ibuka N. Ontogenesis of circadian sleep-wakefulness rhythms and developmental changes of sleep in the altricial rat and in the precocial guinea pig. Behav Brain Res. 1984;11(3):185\u201396.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e080066","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080066","volume":"14","author":"T Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu T, Wu R, Wang W, Li H, Peng X. Analysis of factors related to the development of ocular biometric parameters in Chinese children aged 6\u201310 years: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open. 2024;14(2):e080066.","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03222-7","volume":"23","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Mu J, Wei J, Geng H, Liu C, Yi W, et al. Correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023;23(1):472.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"285_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2024.107893","volume":"180","author":"XX Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong XX, Xie JY, Li DL, Dong Y, Zhang XF, Lanca C, et al. Association of sleep traits with myopia in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study. Prev Med. 2024;180:107893.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"285_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460410","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1460410","volume":"12","author":"H Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng H, Gao Y, An N, Lu Y, Huang J, Yang W, et al. The association between sleep duration and myopia among Chinese school-age students: mediation effect of physical activity. Front public health. 2024;12:1460410.","journal-title":"Front public health"},{"key":"285_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828298","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.828298","volume":"10","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li M, Tan CS, Xu L, Foo LL, Yap F, Sun CH, et al. Sleep Patterns and Myopia Among School-Aged Children in Singapore. Front public health. 2022;10:828298.","journal-title":"Front public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12905","volume":"42","author":"N Stafford-Bell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stafford-Bell N, McVeigh J, Lingham G, Straker L, Eastwood PR, Yazar S, et al. Associations of 12-year sleep behaviour trajectories from childhood to adolescence with myopia and ocular biometry during young adulthood. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2022;42(1):19\u201327.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"285_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861164","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.861164","volume":"13","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang H, Li L, Wang W, Wang H, Zhuang Y, Lu X, et al. Simulations to Assess the Performance of Multifactor Risk Scores for Predicting Myopia Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in China. Front Genet. 2022;13:861164.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"285_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12122654","volume":"12","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li L, Meng Z, Huang Y, Xu L, Chen Q, Qiao D, et al. Chronic Sleep Deprivation Causes Anxiety, Depression and Impaired Gut Barrier in Female Mice-Correlation Analysis from Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome. Biomedicines. 2024;12(12):2654.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Animal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42826-026-00285-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42826-026-00285-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42826-026-00285-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:33:31Z","timestamp":1782376411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s42826-026-00285-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42826-026-00285-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2233-7660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2233-7660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the The Medical Ethics Committee of Xiangya Hospital, affiliated with Central South University ( protocol 2019030405).The study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}