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However, the selection of the plant species should be considered as an important design parameter for vegetation traffic barriers because different plant species demonstrate different levels of tolerance to air pollutants. This study compares the air pollution tolerance of different plant species found in the vegetation traffic barriers in the Kathmandu valley. Four biochemical parameters (relative water content, leaf extract pH, total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid) and the dust-capturing potential of plants were analyzed. Out of the nine selected species, <jats:italic>Cinnamomum camphora<\/jats:italic> showed the highest tolerance to air pollution based on the air pollution tolerance index. Similarly, <jats:italic>Schefflera pueckleri, Psidium guajava<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ficus benjamina<\/jats:italic> were found to be the sensitive species, while <jats:italic>Ficus<\/jats:italic> sp<jats:italic>., Nerium oleander<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Thuja<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Dypsis lutescens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Albizia julibrissin<\/jats:italic> were found to have a moderate level of tolerance to air pollution. <jats:italic>N. oleander<\/jats:italic> had the highest dust-capturing potential. Considering both air pollution tolerance index and dust-capturing potential, <jats:italic>C. camphora, N. oleander<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. julibrissin<\/jats:italic> were found to be the most suitable species for the roadside plantation. 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