{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:24:57Z","timestamp":1793283897624,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthroplasty"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Primary hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) is frequently utilized to treat geriatric hip fractures, which are associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality. While not particularly common, surgical site infection (SSI) is a major complication that frequently requires revision surgery in a frail population. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for SSI after HHA in hip fracture patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study was performed using the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Geriatric patients (65+) who underwent HHA for non-pathologic, traumatic hip fractures between 2016\u20132017 were included. Demographic variables, comorbidities, operative variables, and complications were compared between \"SSI\" and \"non-SSI\" groups. Multivariate regression identified independent risk factors for postoperative SSI. Significance was set at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 6169 patients were included. The overall incidence of SSI was 1.3%. SSI was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), preoperative functional status, congestive heart failure, chronic corticosteroid use, intraoperative time, sepsis, wound dehiscence, readmission within 30-days, and reoperation. On multivariate analysis, chronic steroid use (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.13\u20134.70), BMI \u2265 35 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.57\u20138.18), and intraoperative time \u2265120 mins (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08\u20134.27) were found to be independent risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Postoperative SSI is a serious complication that is responsible for prolonged hospital stays, increased mortality, and greater healthcare costs. Here, we identified multiple risk factors for SSI after primary HHA in the US elderly population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42836-022-00155-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T03:02:56Z","timestamp":1672714976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after primary hip hemiarthroplasty: an analysis of the ACS-NSQIP hip fracture procedure targeted database"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7062-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheldon","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"155_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.051","volume":"46","author":"V Sathiyakumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sathiyakumar V, Greenberg SE, Molina CS, Thakore RV, Obremskey WT, Sethi MK. Hip fractures are risky business: an analysis of the NSQIP data. Injury. 2015;46(4):703.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"10","key":"155_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1596-z","volume":"22","author":"SY Cheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheng SY, Levy AR, Lefaivre KA, Guy P, Kuramoto L, Sobolev B. Geographic trends in incidence of hip fractures: a comprehensive literature review. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(10):2575.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"155_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.07.009","volume":"27","author":"A Zi-Sheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zi-Sheng A, You-Shui G, Zhi-Zhen J, Ting Y, Chang-Qing Z. Hemiarthroplasty vs primary total hip arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck in the elderly: a meta-analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27(4):583.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"6","key":"155_CR4","first-page":"E474","volume":"46","author":"CYL Woon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woon CYL, Moretti VM, Schwartz BE, Goldberg BA. Total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty: US national trends in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2017;46(6):E474.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"issue":"6, Supplement","key":"155_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.02.040","volume":"35","author":"JC Suarez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suarez JC, Arguelles W, Saxena A, Rivera P, Parris D, Veledar E. Hemiarthroplasty vs total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures: 2010-2017 trends in complication rates. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(6, Supplement):S262.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"12","key":"155_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13077","volume":"17","author":"C Bliemel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bliemel C, Buecking B, Hack J, Aigner R, Eschbach D-A, Ruchholtz S, et al. Urinary tract infection in patients with hip fracture: an underestimated event? Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(12):2369.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"155_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.05.024","volume":"32","author":"DD Bohl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bohl DD, Iantorno SE, Saltzman BM, Tetreault MW, Darrith B, Della Valle CJ. Sepsis within 30 days of geriatric hip fracture surgery. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(10):3114.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"3","key":"155_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000099","volume":"476","author":"P Bovonratwet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bovonratwet P, Bohl DD, Russo GS, Ondeck NT, Nam D, Della Valle CJ, et al. How common-and how serious- is Clostridium difficile colitis after geriatric hip fracture? Findings from the NSQIP dataset. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(3):453.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"155_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1086\/502033","volume":"23","author":"JD Whitehouse","year":"2002","unstructured":"Whitehouse JD, Friedman ND, Kirkland KB, Richardson WJ, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections following orthopedic surgery at a community hospital and a university hospital: adverse quality of life, excess length of stay, and extra cost. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23(4):183.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"155_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1086\/425744","volume":"39","author":"KS Kaye","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaye KS, Schmader KE, Sawyer R. Surgical site infection in the elderly population. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(12):1835.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"155_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.10.029","volume":"46","author":"MC White","year":"2014","unstructured":"White MC, Holman DM, Boehm JE, Peipins LA, Grossman M, Henley SJ. Age and cancer risk: a potentially modifiable relationship. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46(3 Suppl 1):S7.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"155_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2006.00557.x","volume":"12","author":"S Brownie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brownie S. Why are elderly individuals at risk of nutritional deficiency? Int J Nurs Pract. 2006;12(2):110.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"155_CR13","first-page":"255","volume":"15","author":"E Makrantonaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Makrantonaki E, Wlaschek M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Pathogenesis of wound healing disorders in the elderly. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2017;15(3):255.","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"155_CR14","volume-title":"The second fifty years: promoting health and preventing disability","author":"Institute of Medicine Division of Health P","year":"1992","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine Division of Health P, Disease P. Risk factors for infection in the elderly. In: Berg RL, Cassells JS, editors. The second fifty years: promoting health and preventing disability. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). Copyright \u00a9 1990 by the National Academy of Sciences; 1992."},{"issue":"8","key":"155_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B8.BJJ-2016-1119.R1","volume":"99-B","author":"L de Jong","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Jong L, Klem TMAL, Kuijper TM, Roukema GR. Factors affecting the rate of surgical site infection in patients after hemiarthroplasty of the hip following a fracture of the neck of the femur. Bone Joint J. 2017;99-B(8):1088.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"10","key":"155_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2014137","volume":"55","author":"ACK Lau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lau ACK, Neo GH, Lee HC. Risk factors of surgical site infections in hip hemiarthroplasty: a single-institution experience over nine years. Singapore Med J. 2014;55(10):535.","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"155_CR17","first-page":"2016","volume":"40","author":"T Noailles","year":"1843","unstructured":"Noailles T, Brulefert K, Chalopin A, Longis PM, Gouin F. What are the risk factors for post-operative infection after hip hemiarthroplasty? Systematic review of literature. Int Orthop. 1843;40(9):2016.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"155_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B6.15121","volume":"87-B","author":"S Ridgeway","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ridgeway S, Wilson J, Charlet A, Kafatos G, Pearson A, Coello R. Infection of the surgical site after arthroplasty of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87-B(6):844.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"155_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1449-6","volume":"14","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu X, Dong Z, Li J, Feng Y, Cao G, Song X, et al. Factors affecting the incidence of surgical site infection after geriatric hip fracture surgery: a retrospective multicenter study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14(1):382.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"155_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Summers S, Grau LC, Massel DH, Ong A, Orozco F, Rosas S, et al. Trends in utilization of total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in the United States. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2018;47(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12788\/ajo.2018.0103.","DOI":"10.12788\/ajo.2018.0103"},{"key":"155_CR21","volume-title":"Definition of an older or elderly person","author":"Organization WH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Organization WH. Definition of an older or elderly person. 2010"},{"key":"155_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1307-x","volume":"4","author":"S Sabharwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sabharwal S, Wilson H, Reilly P, Gupte CM. Heterogeneity of the definition of elderly age in current orthopaedic research. Springerplus. 2015;4:516.","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"issue":"8","key":"155_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.08.011","volume":"25","author":"DM Urquhart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Urquhart DM, Hanna FS, Brennan SL, Wluka AE, Leder K, Cameron PA, et al. Incidence and risk factors for deep surgical site infection after primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. J Arthroplasty. 2010;25(8):1216.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"155_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215145851774741","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458517747414","volume":"9","author":"SD Akinleye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akinleye SD, Garofolo G, Culbertson MD, Homel P, Erez O. The role of BMI in hip fracture surgery. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2018;9:2151458517747414.","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"155_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1411-8","volume":"468","author":"J Cordero-Ampuero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cordero-Ampuero J, de Dios M. What are the risk factors for infection in hemiarthroplasties and total hip arthroplasties? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(12):3268.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"155_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2010.09.018","volume":"201","author":"H Ismael","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ismael H, Horst M, Farooq M, Jordon J, Patton JH, Rubinfeld IS. Adverse effects of preoperative steroid use on surgical outcomes. Am J Surg. 2011;201(3):305.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"Supplement_6","key":"155_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00549","volume":"91","author":"RP Evans","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evans RP. Surgical site infection prevention and control: an emerging paradigm. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(Supplement_6):2.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"155_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.01.015","volume":"189","author":"DW Bratzler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bratzler DW, Houck PM. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: an advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Am J Surg. 2005;189(4):395.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"155_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.3.422","volume":"18","author":"EP Dellinger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dellinger EP, Gross PA, Barrett TL, Krause PJ, Martone WJ, McGowan JE Jr, et al. Quality standard for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical procedures. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18(3):422.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"155_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.4065\/75.9.902","volume":"75","author":"JT Li","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li JT, Markus PJ, Osmon DR, Estes L, Gosselin VA, Hanssen AD. Reduction of vancomycin use in orthopedic patients with a history of antibiotic allergy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000;75(9):902.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"155_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oishi CS, Carrion WV, Hoaglund FT. Use of parenteral prophylactic antibiotics in clean orthopaedic surgery. A review of the literature. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;296:249.\u00a0https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/clinorthop\/Abstract\/1993\/11000\/Use_of_Parenteral_Prophylactic_Antibiotics_in.41.aspx.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199311000-00041"},{"issue":"6","key":"155_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1086\/588201","volume":"29","author":"M Buehlmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buehlmann M, Frei R, Fenner L, Dangel M, Fluckiger U, Widmer AF. Highly effective regimen for decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(6):510.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"155_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1086\/341025","volume":"35","author":"MD Kalmeijer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kalmeijer MD, Coertjens H, van Nieuwland-Bollen PM, Bogaers-Hofman D, de Baere GA, Stuurman A, et al. Surgical site infections in orthopedic surgery: the effect of mupirocin nasal ointment in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(4):353.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"155_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1086\/501763","volume":"21","author":"MD Kalmeijer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kalmeijer MD, van Nieuwland-Bollen E, Bogaers-Hofman D, de Baere GA. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for surgical-site infections in orthopedic surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21(5):319.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"155_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1086\/592980","volume":"30","author":"DF Veiga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Veiga DF, Damasceno CA, Veiga-Filho J, Figueiras RG, Vieira RB, Garcia ES, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of chlorhexidine showers before elective plastic surgical procedures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(1):77.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"155_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-002-0398-5","volume":"27","author":"JO Anglen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anglen JO, Gainor BJ, Simpson WA, Christensen G. The use of detergent irrigation for musculoskeletal wounds. Int Orthop. 2003;27(1):40.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"155_CR37","first-page":"156","volume":"28","author":"T Burd","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burd T, Christensen GD, Anglen JO, Gainor BJ, Conroy BP, Simpson WA. Sequential irrigation with common detergents: a promising new method for decontaminating orthopedic wounds. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999;28(3):156.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"issue":"15","key":"155_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000171907.60775.85","volume":"30","author":"MT Cheng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheng MT, Chang MC, Wang ST, Yu WK, Liu CL, Chen TH. Efficacy of dilute betadine solution irrigation in the prevention of postoperative infection of spinal surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(15):1689.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"155_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610046253","volume":"77","author":"LB Engesaeter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engesaeter LB, Espehaug B, Lie SA, Furnes O, Havelin LI. Does cement increase the risk of infection in primary total hip arthroplasty? Revision rates in 56,275 cemented and uncemented primary THAs followed for 0-16 years in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Acta Orthop. 2006;77(3):351.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"155_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000956","volume":"121","author":"SL Kopp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kopp SL, Berbari EF, Osmon DR, Schroeder DR, Hebl JR, Horlocker TT, et al. The impact of anesthetic management on surgical site infections in patients undergoing total knee or total hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(5):1215.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"155_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.12.009","volume":"16","author":"A Sebastian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sebastian A, Huddleston P, Kakar S, Habermann E, Wagie A, Nassr A. Risk factors for surgical site infection after posterior cervical spine surgery: an analysis of 5,441 patients from the ACS NSQIP 2005\u20132012. Spine J. 2016;16(4):504.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"155_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2018.04.008","volume":"37","author":"SR Huntley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huntley SR, Lee S, Kalra R, McGwin G, Naranje S, Shah A. Associations between season and surgical site infections in orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery. Foot. 2018;37:61.","journal-title":"Foot"},{"issue":"2","key":"155_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-016-0642-0","volume":"43","author":"PS Whiting","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whiting PS, White-Dzuro GA, Avilucea FR, Dodd AC, Lakomkin N, Obremskey WT, et al. Body mass index predicts perioperative complications following orthopaedic trauma surgery: an ACS-NSQIP analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2017;43(2):255.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"}],"container-title":["Arthroplasty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42836-022-00155-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42836-022-00155-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42836-022-00155-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T07:05:47Z","timestamp":1683183947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroplasty.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42836-022-00155-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42836-022-00155-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-7948"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-7948","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The present study qualified as exempt by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Rutgers University, since the investigation was conducted retrospectively using a large, publicly-available database consisting of de-identified patient information. All protocols were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The need to acquire informed consent was not applicable to this study, since the investigation was conducted retrospectively using a large, publicly-available database consisting of de-identified patient information.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"M. V. serves on the Editorial Boards of Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine and Spine Journal, as well as the Board of NASS. S. L. is a paid speaker for Treace, unpaid consultant for Bioventus, and founder of Cre Osso. S. L. serves on the Editorial Board of Foot and Ankle International, as well as the Board of AOFAS.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1"}}