{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:44:13Z","timestamp":1782949453573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018936","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Heidelberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthroplasty"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Second-generation metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings were reintroduced in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for their low wear rates, but despite initially promising results, concerns have emerged about adverse reactions to metal debris and poor long-term implant survival, with limited and conflicting evidence regarding the outcomes of small-diameter MoM implants. This study aimed to evaluate implant survival and metal wear complications in young patients with second-generation small-head MoM THA after more than 20\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university center, analyzing 179 consecutive THAs in 160 patients aged under 55\u00a0years, using a small-head MoM bearing. After a minimum 20-year follow-up, clinical-radiological outcomes and systemic metal ion concentrations were assessed, with Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis determining implant survival rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean patient age at surgery was 46\u00a0years. After a mean follow-up of 23\u00a0years, 38 (21%) patients had deceased, and 9 (5%) patients were lost to follow-up. A total of 30 (16%) THAs had undergone revision surgery. The reasons for revision were metal wear-related complications in 11 hips (6%), aseptic loosening in 9 hips (5%), periprosthetic fractures in 6 hips (3%), periprosthetic joint infection in 3 hips (2%), and recurrent dislocation in 1 hip (1%). Of the non-revised THAs, the mean WOMAC score was 85.3. Osteolytic lesions were identified in 43% of hips with available radiographs (29\/67), and elevated blood chromium or cobalt ion levels (&gt;\u20092\u00a0\u00b5g\/L) were detected in 22% of hips with available blood samples (11\/51). Magnetic resonance imaging with metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS-MRI) was performed in 18 unrevised THAs, revealing a pseudotumor in 3 (17%). Kaplan\u2013Meier survival rates at 25\u00a0years were 93% (95% CI: 87%\u201396%) for metal wear-related revisions and 77% (95% CI: 67%\u201385%) for any revision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Second-Generation small-head MoM THA leads to acceptable implant survival rates and joint function more than 20\u00a0years after index surgery. Still, metal wear-related complications were the most frequent cause for revision (37%), and periprosthetic osteolysis was present in 43% of hips. This highlights the need for long-term monitoring into the third decade. Considering the superior performance of modern bearings, their use is recommended to avoid wear-related complications and revisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42836-026-00408-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:02:30Z","timestamp":1782946950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["25-year follow-up of 102 unrevised cementless total hip arthroplasties with a second-generation metal-on-metal bearing in a young patient cohort"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Moritz","family":"von Falkenhayn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Lunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Kempe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo A.","family":"Nees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin-Arno","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz M.","family":"Innmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"408_CR1","first-page":"370","volume":"18","author":"BG Weber","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weber BG, Fiechter T. 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Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"TW serves as a product instructor for Zimmer Biomet and DePuy Synthes. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"48"}}