{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:08:10Z","timestamp":1788368890002,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee Surg &amp; Relat Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-12 (KOOS-12) is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure assessing pain, function, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis or injury. However, the absence of validated short-form knee instruments in Arabic necessitates cross-cultural adaptation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A prospective cross-sectional validation of the Arabic KOOS-12 (KOOS-12 AR) was conducted following established guidelines for translation and adaptation (independent forward translations, reconciliation, blinded back-translation, expert review, pilot testing, and proofreading). Adults\u2009&gt;\u200940\u00a0years with knee osteoarthritis were consecutively recruited from two outpatient clinics and completed the KOOS-12 AR and the validated Arabic WOMAC (WOMAC-AR). A total of 201 patients were enrolled, and a clinically stable subset of 91 participants (the retest subgroup) completed a retest after 5\u201310\u00a0days. Psychometric evaluation included interpretability, internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), test\u2013retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(2,1)), and measurement error indices such as standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and content, structural, and convergent validity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Internal consistency was excellent across domains (Cronbach\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.93). Test\u2013retest reliability was likewise excellent (ICC(2,1)\u2009=\u20090.990 for Pain, 0.992 for Function, 0.989 for QOL, and 0.987 for the Total score). SEM values were small (2.1\u20132.3 points), yielding MDC_individual \u22486 points across subscales. Bland\u2013Altman analyses showed minimal bias (\u22120.36 to\u2009\u22120.02) and narrow limits of agreement (approximately\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u20137 points). Structural validity was supported by principal component analysis (PCA): each subscale demonstrated a clear one-factor solution (Pain eigenvalue 2.50, 62.5% variance; Function 2.72, 67.9%; QOL 2.48, 62.1%). When all 12 items were analyzed together, the dominant first component explained 50.6% of total variance (Kaiser\u2013Meyer\u2013Olkin (KMO)\u2009=\u20090.91). Convergent validity with WOMAC-AR was strong, with Spearman\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.879 for total scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The KOOS-12 AR demonstrated excellent reliability, validity, structural coherence, and measurement reproducibility. It represents a robust, culturally appropriate, and feasible instrument for evaluating knee pain, function, and QOL among Arabic-speaking patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43019-026-00316-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:23:16Z","timestamp":1775812996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the first Arabic KOOS-12: a reliable tool for assessing knee outcomes in Arabic-speaking populations"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Boutros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caren","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaza","family":"Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Assi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaby","family":"Haykal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603283341306","volume":"334","author":"MA Testa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Testa MA, Simonson DC (1996) Assessment of quality-of-life outcomes. 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