{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:38:58Z","timestamp":1792535938317,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee Surg &amp; Relat Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify and describe the prognostic factors associated with outcomes after knee cartilage repair within distinct procedure and disease contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 29 August 2026; backward and forward citation searching was also performed. Eligible reports quantitatively evaluated baseline factor\u2013postoperative outcome associations after knee cartilage repair. Two reviewers independently selected reports, extracted association-level data, and applied the quality in prognosis studies tool. Because effect measures could not be harmonized, findings were synthesized without meta-analysis by disease context, procedure, factor, outcome, and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-one reports were included, with report-level sample sizes totaling 13,022; cohort overlap prevented determination of the number of unique participants. Of 37 study\u2013analysis units, 29 were at high risk-of-bias and 8 at moderate risk; none were at low risk. In isolated marrow stimulation, increasing age was associated with less favorable short- and long-term outcomes in two multivariable analyses at high overall risk-of-bias, whereas lesion-size findings varied across outcomes and follow-up. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)\/matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) studies reported outcome-specific associations involving age, sex, body mass index, baseline status, defect characteristics, previous surgery, and manufacturing variables. Adjusted osteochondral-allograft failure analyses identified age, body mass index, diagnosis, graft area, and bony realignment as candidate factors; clinical-threshold and machine-learning findings remained context dependent. In osteoarthritis-associated cell-based cohorts, older age and bipolar lesions were associated with long-term failure in one adjusted analysis, while other findings were imprecise or derived from overlapping cohorts. No factor was consistently established across procedures or outcomes. A formal certainty-of-evidence framework was not applied because of marked heterogeneity, sparse context-specific evidence, and generally high risk-of-bias; definitive between-procedure comparisons were not possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available evidence identifies candidate prognostic associations within specific disease, procedure, outcome, and follow-up contexts. However, substantial clinical heterogeneity, potential confounding, cohort overlap, and sparse context-specific evidence limit the certainty and generalizability of the findings. The evidence does not support universal clinical cutoffs or conclusions that prognostic effects differ between procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Level of evidence: level IV, systematic review of level I\u2013IV studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43019-026-00350-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:48:59Z","timestamp":1792489739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic factors associated with outcomes after knee cartilage repair across different procedure types: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joo Hyung","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7527-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3097-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwangho","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Soo","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8422-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se-Han","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hoon","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongmo","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"350_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.I.00895","volume":"92","author":"A Bedi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bedi A, Feeley BT, Williams RJ 3rd (2010) Management of articular cartilage defects of the knee. 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This study was a systematic review of previously published studies and did not involve human participants or identifiable patient data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Author Sung-Hwan Kim is an Editorial Board Member of Knee Surgery & Related Research. The manuscript was handled by another editor and has undergone an independent peer review process. Sung-Hwan Kim was not involved in the journal\u2019s peer review of, or any decisions related to, this manuscript. The authors have no other competing interests to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"49"}}