{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:39:32Z","timestamp":1774895972910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Egypt Heart J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is described as the enlargement of a coronary artery segment by 1.5 times or more, which is generally associated with the atherosclerotic process. Atherosclerotic changes lead to arterial remodeling result in CAE. In our study, we measured serum transforming growth factor (<jats:italic>TGF<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>-\u03b21<\/jats:italic> levels, which have a protective role against atherosclerosis. Further, we aimed to assess the <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic> gene variants rs1800469 (\u2013509C&gt;T, c.\u22121347C&gt;T) and rs1800470 (c.+29T&gt;C, p.Pro10Leu, rs1982073), which might have an effect on TGF production. Overall, 2877 patients were screened including 56 patients with CAE and 44 patients with normal coronary arteries who were included in the study. Serum TGF-\u03b21 levels were measured using ELISA and compared between two groups. Additionally, <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic> rs1800469 and rs1800470 gene variations were determined using TaqMan\u00ae SNP Genotyping Assays.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Serum TGF-\u03b21 levels were significantly lower in patients with CAE than in controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.012). However, there was no difference in terms of the genotype and allele distributions of <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic> rs1800469 and rs1800470 polymorphisms. Serum TGF-\u03b21 levels were higher in individuals carrying the <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic> rs1800470 G allele (GG+AG) than in individuals with normal homozygous AA genotype in the CAE group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.012).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings suggest that lower serum TGF-\u03b21 levels are associated with an increased risk for CAE development and that <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms exert a protective effect. Furthermore, <jats:italic>TGF-<\/jats:italic>\u03b21 rs1800470 G allele carriers were shown to have higher TGF-\u03b21 levels in the CAE group. This suggests that having the G allele in the <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic> rs1800470 polymorphism could prevent CAE development.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-021-00153-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T07:02:42Z","timestamp":1617174162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The comparison of serum TGF-beta levels and associated polymorphisms in patients with coronary artery ectasia and normal coronary artery"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5232-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr Selim","family":"Ser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"\u00c7etinkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Kili\u00e7arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","family":"Dalg\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Servet","family":"Batit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kudret","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gul\u00e7in","family":"\u00d6zkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezgi Irmak","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00fclya Yilmaz","family":"Aydo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zerrin","family":"Yi\u011fit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"153_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.54.4.392","volume":"54","author":"GG Hartnell","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hartnell GG, Parnell BM, Pridie RB (1985) Coronary artery ectasia. 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