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Choosing between different anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) while being cautious about the pro-arrhythmic characteristics of some of these drugs and their diverse interaction with other drugs is a real obstacle.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main body<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Gut microbiota (GM), in our bodies, are now being considered as a hidden organ which can regulate our immune system, digest complex food, and secrete bioactive compounds. Yet, GM are encountered in the pathophysiology of arrhythmia and can affect the pharmacokinetics of AADs, as well as some anti-thrombotics, resulting in altering their bioavailability, therapeutic function and may predispose to some of\u00a0their unpleasant adverse effects.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Knowledge of the exact role of GM in the pharmacokinetics of these drugs is now essential for better understanding of the art of arrhythmia management. Also, it will help deciding when to consider probiotics as an adjunctive therapy while treating arrhythmia. This should be discovered in the near future.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-022-00325-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T10:14:48Z","timestamp":1672395288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gut microbiota and cardiac arrhythmia: a pharmacokinetic scope"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omnia Azmy","family":"Nabeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"325_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201587","volume":"81","author":"M De la Fuente","year":"2021","unstructured":"De la Fuente M (2021) The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the health and illness condition: a focus on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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