{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:55:48Z","timestamp":1792090548117,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Egypt Heart J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the commonest cause of death worldwide. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and its consequences can be devastating particularly at younger age for a bigger impact on the patient\u2019s psychology and ability to work. Little is known about the differential features and outcomes of young STEMI patients in Egypt. This study characterized young STEMI patients (\u2264\u200945\u00a0years) compared to patients\u2009&gt;\u200945\u00a0years and evaluated 1-year outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 492 eligible STEMI patients who presented to the National Heart Institute and Cairo University Hospitals were recruited. Young STEMI patients (&lt;\u200945 years old) represented 20% of all STEMI comers. Male gender was predominant in both groups, yet with a significantly higher proportion in the younger compared to older patients (87% vs. 73%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). Compared to older patients, young STEMI patients had characteristically higher rates of smoking (72.4% vs. 49.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and family history (13.3% vs. 4.8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), while significantly lower rate of other conventional CAD risk factors as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (20.4% vs. 44.7%, 20.4% vs. 44.9% and 12.7% vs. 21.8%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all). Follow-up was continued for at least 12\u00a0months after the index event. Younger STEMI patients had fewer major adverse cardiovascular events and fewer heart failure hospitalizations compared to the older controls (10.2 vs. 23.9% and 18.4% vs. 34.8%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005 for both), however, 1-year mortality was similar (3.1% vs. 4.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.64).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Younger STEMI patients (\u2264\u200945\u00a0years) show peculiar characteristics, with significantly higher rates of smoking and family history of premature CAD, while less prevalence of other conventional CAD risk factors. Overall MACE occurred less in younger STEMI patients; however, the mortality rate was similar to the older controls.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-023-00357-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T15:18:36Z","timestamp":1682435916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterization of features and outcomes of young patients (&lt;\u200945\u00a0years) presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4401-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Samir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Almahjori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basem","family":"Zarif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Elshinawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham","family":"Yehia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elhafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza","family":"Farrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0659-9","author":"MI Traina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Traina MI, Almahmeed W, Edris A, Murat TE (2017) Coronary heart disease in the Middle East and North Africa: current status and future goals. 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[Research ethics committee reference:\u2009+\u20090201201730249; kasralainyrec@gmail.com] Written informed consents were acquired from all study participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Patient informed consent form included approval to publish anonymized clinical data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None of the authors have competing or conflicting interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"32"}}