{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T12:41:41Z","timestamp":1772196101624,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Egypt Heart J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outlet septum ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are notably more prevalent in North-Eastern India and often associated with aortic valve prolapse, leading to a need for surgical intervention. While surgical methods remain the conventional approach, there is an opportunity to explore the effectiveness of transcatheter closure techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective and Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and follow-up of transcatheter closure for outlet and outlet muscular type VSDs using three distinct devices: Amplatzer ADO II, KONAR MF VSD Occluder, and Cocoon VSD Occluder. This Descriptive study with follow-up observation up to 1 year was conducted at Health City Hospital in Guwahati, India, from March 2023 to November 2025, involving 21 patients who met the criteria for inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 21 patients, transcatheter closure was successfully achieved in 16 individuals, resulting in a success rate of 76.2%. The mean diameter of the VSDs was 3.8\u00a0mm, with 66.6% of the cases showing pre-existing aortic valve prolapse. Closure attempts were unsuccessful in five patients, who subsequently received surgical intervention. In the successful cases, the Amplatzer ADO II was implanted in 7 patients (43.7%), the KONAR MFO in 8 patients (50%), and the Cocoon VSD occluder in 1 patient (6.3%). Seven patients exhibited mild intra-device residual shunts, and 37.5% (6\/16) experienced a transient increase in aortic regurgitation (AR) after 24\u00a0hours post-procedure. Importantly, follow-up after one year showed static or non-progression of pre-existing AR, with worsening of AR (moderate severity) observed only in one patient, and the majority of residual shunts resolved. No major complications like outflow obstruction or device embolization were reported in the present study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that transcatheter closure of outlet and outlet muscular type VSDs is a promising option for selected patients, yielding positive short- to mid-term outcomes. Further long-term follow-up will enhance our understanding of the procedure\u2019s safety and efficacy, paving the way for broader application of this technique in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-026-00719-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:34:42Z","timestamp":1772192082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility, outcomes and follow-up analysis of transcatheter closure of outlet ventricular septal defect with various devices from North-Eastern India: a single centre observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Saurabhi","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shantanu","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayem","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"719_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312e7","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90759-2","volume":"108","author":"K Momma","year":"1984","unstructured":"Momma K, Toyama K, Takao A, Ando M, Nakazawa M, Hirosawa K et al (1984) Natural history of subarterial infundibular ventricular septal defect. Am Heart J 108:1312e7","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"719_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435e8","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(74)90167-7","volume":"87","author":"KJ Chung","year":"1974","unstructured":"Chung KJ, Manning JA (1974) Ventricular septal defect associated with aortic insufficiency: medical and surgical management. Am Heart J 87:435e8","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"719_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90088-X","volume":"63","author":"F Helmcke","year":"1989","unstructured":"Helmcke F, de Souza A, Nanda NC, Villacosta I, Gatewood R et al (1989) Two-dimensional and colour Doppler assessment of ventricular septal defect of congenital origin. Am J Cardiol 63:1112\u20131116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90088-X","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"719_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90042-3","volume":"89","author":"K Tatsuno","year":"1975","unstructured":"Tatsuno K, Ando M, Takao A, Hatsune K, Konno S (1975) Diagnostic importance of aortography in conal ventricular-septal defect. Am Heart J 89:171\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90042-3","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"719_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Sridhar A, Solomon N, Sivaprakasham M (2018 Jul-Aug) Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect in aortic valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation. Indian Heart J 70(4):528\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ihj.2017.11.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2017.11.023"},{"key":"719_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiu S-N, Wang J-K, Lin M-T, Wu E-T, Lu FL, Chang C-I, Chen Y-S, Chiu I-S, Lue H-C (2005) Mei-Hwan Wu, Aortic Valve Prolapse Associated With Outlet-Type Ventricular Septal Defect, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 79(4):1366\u20131371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur"},{"key":"719_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-019-02206-z","volume":"40","author":"H Jung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung H, Cho JY, Lee Y (2019) Progression of aortic regurgitation after subarterial ventricular septal defect repair: Optimal timing of the operation. Pediatr Cardiol 40:1696\u20131702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-019-02206-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"719_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang W, Wang C, Liu S, Zhou L, Li J et al (2021) Safety and efficacy of transcatheter occlusion of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with aortic valve prolapse: A six-year follow-up study. Journal ofInterventional Cardiology, 2021, 100081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6634667","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6634667"},{"key":"719_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuswiyanto RB, Rahayuningsih SE, Apandi PR, Hilmanto D Muhammad Hasan Bashari, Transcatheter closure of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect: Early to one-year outcome. Int J Cardiol Congenital Heart Disease, 2,2021,100081, ISSN 2666\u20136685, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2021.100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2021.100081"},{"key":"719_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin H-C, Lin M-T, Chen C-A, Hsu J-Y, Lin S-M, Wu M-H, Wang J-K Safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of outlet-type ventricular septal defects in children and adults with Amplatzer Duct Occluder II, Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 120, Issue 1, Part 1,2021, Pages 180\u2013188, ISSN 0929\u20136646,https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.04.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.04.015"},{"key":"719_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Supaporn Roymanee N, Su-angka W, Promphan K, Wongwaitaweewong J, Jarutach R, Buntharikpornpun P, Prachasilchai Outcomes of Transcatheter Closure in Outlet-Type Ventricular Septal Defect after 1 Year, Congenital Heart Disease, 18, Issue 2,2023, Pages 169\u2013181, ISSN 1747-079X,https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/chd.2023.021238","DOI":"10.32604\/chd.2023.021238"},{"key":"719_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin T-CSM-C, Quek Y-W, Lin S-J, Saw H-P, Jan S-L, Fu Y-C Initial experience of transcatheter closure of subarterial VSD with the Amplatzer duct occluder, Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, Volume 80, Issue 8,2017, Pages 487\u2013491, ISSN 1726\u20134901,https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcma.2016.10.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2016.10.015"},{"issue":"9","key":"719_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951125100966","volume":"35","author":"M Roy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roy M, Barman S, Gangopadhyay D et al (2025) Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect with aortic cusp prolapse with or without mild aortic regurgitation: experience from a tertiary care referral hospital from Eastern India. Cardiol Young 35(9):1889\u20131898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1047951125100966","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"719_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622e7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03393-8","volume":"73","author":"YF Cheung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cheung YF, Chiu CS, Yung TC, Chau AK (2002) Impact of preoperative aortic cusp prolapse on long-term outcome after surgical closure of subarterial ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 73:622e7","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"719_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e135528","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp-135528","volume":"33","author":"M Edraki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Edraki M, Farrokifar M, Amoozgar H, Mehdizadegan N, Mohammadi H et al (2023) Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Conduction Disturbances After Percutaneous Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects in Children and Adolescents: A Mid-term Follow-up. Inn J Pediatr 33(5):e135528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijp-135528","journal-title":"Inn J Pediatr"},{"key":"719_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barone L, Muscoli S, Belli M, Luozzo M, Sergi D, Marchei M, Prandi F, Romana, Uccello, Giuseppe, Romeo, Francesco, Barill\u00e0, Francesco (2023) Effect of acute CORticosteroids on conduction defects after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: the CORTAVI study. Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md). 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001516","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001516"}],"container-title":["The Egyptian Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43044-026-00719-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s43044-026-00719-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43044-026-00719-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:34:43Z","timestamp":1772192083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s43044-026-00719-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43044-026-00719-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-911X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-911X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Health City Hospital, Guwahati (HCH-EC), India. All the research steps were performed according to the ethical standards and principles. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of all patients in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"In the patient consent form, the guardians have given their consent for images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The guardians understand that names and initials will not be published, and due efforts will be made to conceal identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}