{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:08:18Z","timestamp":1760854098629,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004919","name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Funding: KACST Research Grant (Project No. AT-34-431(."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funding: KACST Research Grant (Project No. AT-34-431(."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Egypt Natl Canc Inst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Radiation exposure from patients treated with radioactive iodine (<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I) represents a radiation hazard to children and adolescents, representing the most vulnerable group of household contacts. Our aim was to calculate the cumulative radiation exposure (CRE) figures to children and adolescents sharing the same home with outpatients treated with low-dose <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I. The secondary aim was to study the demographic and educational factors that may significantly affect radiation exposure to them.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The whole number of household contacts less than 18\u2009years was 99, out of them 49\u2009\u2264\u200912\u2009years. CRE level to children and adolescents ranged from 79 to 934\u00a0uSv. The mean, median, and 75th percentile figures were 284\u2009\u00b1\u2009178\u00a0uSv, 215\u00a0uSv, and 334\u00a0uSv, respectively. The compliance of this group of contacts to radiation exposure constraint (1\u2009mSv) was 100%. All CRE values were below this figure with 75% of them below half of this constraint. Thirteen adolescents from 12 to 18\u2009years and 17 mothers of 23 household contacts \u2264\u200912\u2009years got radiation safety instructions (RSI) directly from a radiation safety officer (RSO). This group had a significantly lower mean CRE value (184\u2009\u00b1\u200993\u00a0uSv) compared to those who got RSI from the patient or from other family members (298\u2009\u00b1\u2009185\u00a0uSv) with a significant <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The compliance of adolescents and children to the 1-mSv radiation exposure constraint is 100%. It is advised for adolescents and mothers of children in contact with <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-treated patients to get direct RSI from the RSO, which is the only factor associated with significantly lower radiation exposure figures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43046-019-0013-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T16:02:27Z","timestamp":1578585747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Measurement of cumulative radiation exposure to children and adolescents in contact with outpatients treated with low dose radioactive iodine (131I)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Salman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shereen","family":"Wagieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aquib","family":"Bakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Al-Monshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omnia","family":"Talaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musaed","family":"Al-Malki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Al-Ezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Fouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gihad","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"13_CR1","first-page":"1876","volume":"41","author":"JMH de Klerk","year":"2000","unstructured":"de Klerk JMH. 131I therapy: inpatient or outpatient? 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The IRB number is 14-105. The institutional IRB is registered at the national Biomedical Ethics Committee, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology on 14-07-1433H, (Registration number, H-0-2-K-001).A written informed consent was obtained from adolescents more than 16\u2009years and from parents of contacts of patients less than 16\u2009years.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was signed by all patients. Also, we got consent from contacts included in the study, either from contacts more than 12\u2009years themselves after verbal approval from their parents or from parents of contacts less than 12\u2009years of age. This included an agreement for publication of their data regarding age, gender, household relatives, and radiation exposure figures, providing complete confidentiality regarding the name and address of included patients or contacts.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2"}}