{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:16:42Z","timestamp":1788347802382,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Egypt Natl Canc Inst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is standard for axillary staging in early breast cancer. While the combination of radioisotope and blue dye (e.g., patent blue V, PBV) remains the standard, it has limitations including logistics, variable identification rate (IR), and allergic potential. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence is a promising alternative, but high-quality comparative evidence is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Forty patients with early-stage, node-negative breast cancer were allocated to SLNB using either ICG (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) or PBV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920). All patients subsequently underwent completion level I\u2013II axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as the pathological reference standard for diagnostic performance assessment. Primary outcome was sentinel lymph node (SLN) IR. Secondary outcomes included detection time, number of SLNs retrieved, false-negative rate (FNR), and safety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. The SLN IR was significantly higher with ICG (100% [20\/20]) than with PBV (75% [15\/20],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047). ICG was associated with a significantly shorter median detection time (14.5 vs. 24.0\u00a0min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and retrieved more SLNs (mean: 3.6 vs. 2.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Most critically, ICG demonstrated 100% sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy, with a 0% FNR. In contrast, PBV achieved a sensitivity of 75%, an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90%, and an FNR of 25%. No ICG-related adverse events occurred. PBV caused skin discoloration in 75% of patients and one (5%) allergic reaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICG fluorescence achieved a higher SLN IR, shorter detection time, higher sensitivity, lower FNR, and fewer tracer-related adverse events than PBV as a single tracer for SLNB in patients with early-stage breast cancer. These findings suggest that ICG is a promising standalone tracer when radioisotope mapping is unavailable. Larger multicenter studies are required before widespread adoption can be recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43046-026-00403-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:51:23Z","timestamp":1788346283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of indocyanine green fluorescence versus patent blue V dye for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer, a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Abdelmoghny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed G.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Abd-erRazik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"Hanafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3","volume":"31","author":"J Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim J, Harper A, McCormack V, Sung H, Houssami N, Morgan E, et al. 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The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. During the consent process, patients were informed that the internationally accepted reference technique for SLNB is the dual-tracer method (radioisotope plus blue dye), which was unavailable at our institution during the study period. They were also informed that the study compared two single-tracer mapping techniques and that completion level I\u2013II ALND would be performed in all participants, irrespective of the SLN findings, to provide the pathological reference standard for evaluating the diagnostic performance of the SLNB mapping techniques.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"65"}}